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This Volume I elucidates the basic principles involved in the analysis and design of Elementary Reinforced Concrete Structures. The book begins with an introduction to concrete technology and continues with chapters on design of beams, slabs, columns, foundations, retaining walls, etc. These chapters are based on the Limit State Method following latest revision of IS : 456-2000. A few computer programmes to design a section for flexure are introduced. It also includes chapters on formwork and detailing of reinforcements.
Since concrete having minimum grade M 20 has been accepted as structural concrete by the code, it became necessary to revise almost all the examples of previous edition. The text matter also has been revised and enlarged to incorporate a few revised and newly added clauses.
The subject matter is abundantly illustrated with numerous figures and solved examples. The exercises are provided for further training in the subject.
The salient features of the book are:
* Simple, lucid and easy language
* Step-by-step treatment
* Exposition to practical problems
This book in its 24 chapters now contains:
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* 500
* 228
* 257
* 150
* 9
* 235 |
Self explanatory and neat diagrams with excellent detailing
Fully-solved examples
Unsolved examples with answers and questions at the end of chapters
Useful tables
Computer programmes
Short questions with answers is given in APPENDIX A. |
It is hoped that the book should be extremely useful to the Civil Engineering and Architecture students preparing for Degree Examinations of all the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate Courses, as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E. and other similar competitive and professional Examinations.
| Price |
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Rs. 280-00 |
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| Edition |
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Seventh Revised and Enlarged Edition : 2008 |
| ISBN |
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978-81-85594-74-3 |
| Book Size |
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170 mm × 240 mm |
| Binding |
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Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover |
| Pages |
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928 + 20 |
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 : PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
Chapter 3 : STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
Chapter 4 : DESIGN FOR FLEXURE : FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter 5 : DESIGN FOR FLEXURE : WORKING STRESS METHOD
Chapter 6 : LIMIT STATE METHOD
Chapter 7 : SHEAR AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Chapter 8 : DEFLECTION AND CRACKING
Chapter 9 : SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER BEAMS
Chapter 10 : SIMPLE SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER SLABS
Chapter 11 : CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS
Chapter 12 : TORSION
Chapter 13 : STAIRS
Chapter 14 : LOAD CALCULATIONS - 1
Chapter 15 : SIMPLE DESIGNS
Chapter 16 : FRAMED BEAMS
Chapter 17 : COLUMNS
Chapter 18 : DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS : FUNDAMENTALS
Chapter 19 : ISOLATED FOOTINGS
Chapter 20 : COMBINED FOOTINSS
Chapter 21 : PILE FOUNDATIONS
Chapter 22 : RETAINING WALLS
Chapter 23 : FORMWORK
Chapter 24 : DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT
APPENDICIES
DETAILED CONTENTS
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
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Structural design — Role of a structural engineer
Reinforced concrete
Structural elements
Loads on structure
Ductility versus brittleness
Strength and serviceability
Methods of design
Codes of practice
Adaptation of SI units
QUESTIONS
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Chapter 2 : PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
2-25
2-26
2-27
2-28
2-29
2-30
2-31
2-32
2-33
2-34
2-35
2-36
2-37
2-38
2-39
2-40
2-41
2-42
2-43
2-44
2-45
2-46
2-47
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Constituents of concrete
CEMENT
General
Manufacture of Portland cement
Basic chemistry of cement
Chemical properties of cement
Hydration of cement
Types of cement
Selection of cement for production of concrete
Tests for cement
Fineness test
Consistency of standard cement paste
Test for setting times
Soundness test
Autoclave expansion
Density test
Test for compressive strength
Heat of hydration test
Storing of cement
AGGREGATES
Introductory
Aggregate size
Fine and coarse aggregate
Particle shape
Surface texture
Strength of aggregate
Specific gravity
Bulk density
Water absorption and surface moisture
Bulking of sand
Deleterious substances in aggregates
Soundness of aggregate
Alkali-aggregate reaction
Sieve analysis
Standard grading
Use of grading curves
WATER
Water for mixing concrete
CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES
Admixtures
REINFORCEMENT
Steel as reinforcement
Types of reinforcement
Mild steel bars
Cold Twisted Deformed (CTD) bars
Thermo-mechanically treated (TMT) bars
Corrosion–resistant steel
Hard-drawn steel wire fabric
Bending and fixing of bars
Requirements for reinforcing bars
Welding of reinforcement
General notes for site engineers
Questions
Examples
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Chapter 3 : STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
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Proportioning of ingredients
Measurement of materials
Mixing and placing of concrete
Compaction
Curing
Formwork for R.C.C. members
Workability
Factors influencing workability
Strength of concrete and water-cement ratio
Compressive strength of concrete
Tensile strength of concrete
Non-destructive tests
Stress-strain behaviour of concrete under short term loads
Short term static modulus of elasticity
Shrinkage
Creep
Durability of concrete
Temperature change
Concrete quality control
Sampling and strength tests of concrete
Statistical analysis of test results
Standard deviation
Acceptance criteria
QUESTIONS
Examples
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Chapter 4 : DESIGN FOR FLEXUSE : FUNDAMENTALS
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-13 |
Introduction
Review of theory of simple bending
Practical requirements of an R.C.C. beam
Size of the beam
Cover to the reinforcement
Spacing of bars
Design requirements of a beam
Classification of beams
Effective width of a flanged beam
Balanced, Under-reinforced and Over-reinforced design
Cracking moment
Bending of an R.C.C. beam
Design methods
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Chapter 5 : DESIGN FOR FLEXURE : WORKING STRESS METHOD
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
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Permissible stresses
Modular ratio
Design for flexure–assumptions
SINGLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Derivation of formulae for balanced design
Transformed area method
Types of problems
Analysis of the section
Design of the section
Use of design aids
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Introductory
Derivation of formulae for balanced design
Transformed area method
Types of problems
Use of design aids
FLANGED BEAMS
Moment of resistance of a singly reinforced flanged beam
Types of problems
Doubly reinforced flanged beams
Slabs
Examples
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Chapter 6 : LIMIT STATE METHOD
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-23
6-24
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Inelastic behaviour of materials
Ultimate load theory
Limit state method
Limit state of collapse
Limit state of serviceability
Characteristic and design values and partial safety factors:
Limit state of collapse: Flexure
SINGLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS
Derivation of formulae
General values
Types of problems
Failure of R.C.C. beam in flexure
Code provisions to prevent the brittle failure
Computer programmes
DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS
Derivation of formulae
Types of problems
Use of design aids
Computer programmes for doubly reinforced rectangular sections
FLANGED BEAMS
Introductory
Position of neutral axis
Derivation of formulae
Use of design aids
Doubly reinforced flanged beams
Sections subjected to reversal of moments
Computer programmes for flanged sections
Examples
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Chapter 7 : SHEAR AND DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7- 8
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-20 |
Shear in structural members
Flexure and shear in homogeneous beam
Shear in reinforced concrete beams – Elastic theory
Diagonal tension and diagonal compression
Limit state theory
Design shear strength of concrete
Design for shear
Shear reinforcement in beams
Practical considerations
Critical sections for shear
Design of a complete beam for shear
Use of design aids
Shear design of beams with variable depth
DEVELOPMENT LENGTH
Introductory
Development length : Pull out test
Code provision
Use of bundled bars
Anchoring reinforcements
Bearing stresses at bends
Reinforcement splicing
Examples
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Chapter 8 : DEFLECTION AND CRACKING
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-9
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DEFLECTION
Introduction
Span/effective depth ratio
Control of deflection on site
Deflection calculations
Short term deflections
Long term deflections
CRACKING
Introductory
Bar spacing controls
Calculation of crack width
Examples
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Chapter 9 : SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER BEAMS
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-10
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Design procedure
Anchorage of bars: Check for development length
Reinforcement requirements
Slenderness limits for beams to ensure lateral stability
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAMS
Introductory
Design S.F. diagram
Curtailment of bars
Design of a template
Design of a lintel
CANTILEVER BEAMS
Design considerations
Examples
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Chapter 10 : SIMPLY SUPPORTED AND CANTILEVER SLABS
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11 |
Introductory
Analysis
One-way spanning slabs
Simply supported one-way slab
Detailing of slabs
Inclined slabs
Straight slabs having a small length inclined along the span
Cantilever slab
Concentrated load on slabs
Two-way slabs
Simply supported two-way slabs
Examples
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Chapter 11 : CONTINUOUS BEAMS AND SLABS
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-5
11-6
11-7
11-8
11-9
11-10
11-11 |
CONTINUOUS BEAMS
Introduction
Analysis parameters
Live load arrangements
Redistribution of moment
Reinforcement requirements
Typical continuous beam details
Flexure design considerations
Simplified analysis for uniform loads
Moment and shear coefficients for continuous beams
CONTINUOUS SLABS
Continuous one-way slab
Restrained two-way slabs
Examples
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Chapter 12 : TORSION
12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
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General
Effect of torsion : Provision of reinforcement
Code provisions
General cases of torsion
Examples
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Chapter 13 : STAIRS
13-1
13-2
13-3
13-4
13-5
13-6 |
Stair slabs
Classification of stairs
Design requirements for stair
Reducing the span
Tread-riser staircase
Closure
Examples
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Chapter 14 : LOAD CALCULATIONS - 1
14-1
14-2
14-3
14-4
14-5
14-6
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Introductory
Loads on slabs
Loading on beams from one-way slabs
Wall loads and self weight of beams
Loading on beams from two-way slabs
Unit loads
Examples
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Chapter 15 : SIMPLE DESIGN
15-1
15-2
15-3
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Introductory
Design S.F. diagram
Loads from two-way slabs
Examples
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Chapter 16 : FRAMED BEAMS
16-1
16-2
16-3
16-4
16-5
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Structural joints
Fixed, cantilever and framed beams
Analysis and design of the framed beams
Single span portal frame
Substitute frame
Examples
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Chapter 17 : COLUMNS
17-1
17-2
17-3
17-4
17-5
17-6
17-7
17-8
17-9
17-10
17-11
17-12
17-13
17-14
17-15
17-16
17-17
17-18
17-19
17-20
17-21
17-22
17-23
17-24
17-25
17-26
17-27
17-28
17-29
17-30 |
Introductory
Braced and Unbraced columns
No–Sway and Sway columns
Tied, Spiral and Composite columns
Short and Long columns
Reinforcement requirements
Minimum eccentricity
Assumptions made for design
SHORT COLUMNS
Axially loaded tied columns
Axially loaded spiral columns
Short eccentrically loaded columns—uniaxial bending
Modes of failure in combined axial load and uniaxial bending
Types of problems
The interaction diagram
Stress block parameters when N.A. lies outside the section
Construction of interaction diagrams
Pure axial load
Axial load with uniaxial moment
Neutral axis (N.A.) lies outside the section
Neutral axis (N.A.) lies inside the section
Charts for compression with bending
Tension with bending
Use of interaction diagram
Unsymmetrically reinforced columns with uniaxial eccentricity
Short eccentrically loaded columns: Biaxial bending
SLENDER COLUMNS
Slender columns
Effective length calculations
Lengths of column
Design of slender columns
Design and detailing of a practical column
Examples
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Chapter 18 : DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS : FUNDAMENTALS
18-1
18-2
18-3
18-4
18-5
18-6
18-7
18-8 |
Introductory
Classification of foundations
Types of footings
R.C.C. footings
Aspects of soil design
General soil design considerations
Footing for eccentrically loaded columns
General structural design considerations
Concrete pedestal
Transfer of load at the base of column
Examples
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Chapter 19 : ISOLATED FOOTINGS
19-1
19-2
19-3
19-4
19-5
19-6
19-7
19-8
19-9
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Introductory
Wall footings
Axially loaded pad footing
Axially loaded sloped footing
Eccentrically loaded footings
Fixing up footing dimensions
Isolated slab and beam type footing
Resistance to horizontal loads
Footing for multi-storeyed building columns
Examples
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Chapter 20 : COMBINED FOOTINGS
20-1
20-2
20-3
20-4
20-5
20-6
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Combined footings
Combined footing for two axially loaded columns
Strap footings
Strip footing
Raft foundation
Closure
Examples
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Chapter 21 : PILE FOUNDATIONS
21-1
21-2
21-3
21-4
21-5 |
Introductory
Loads on pile groups
Soil design of a pile
Structural design of a pile
Design of a pile cap
Examples
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Chapter 22 : RETAINING WALLS
22-1
22-2
22-3
22-4
22-5
22-6
22-7
22-8
22-9
22-10
22-11
22-12
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Introductory
Types of retaining walls
Earth pressure on walls
Calculation of earth pressure
Earth pressure of submerged soil
Earth pressure due to surcharge
Drainage of retaining walls
Stability requirements
CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL
Preliminary proportioning of cantilever retaining wall
Design of a cantilever retaining wall
COUNTERFORT RETAINING WALL
Counterfort wall
Stability and design procedure
Examples
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Chapter 23 : FORMWORK
23-1
23-2
23-3
23-4
23-5
23-6
23-7
23-8
23-9
23-10
23-11
23-12
23-13 |
Introductory
Requirements for good formwork
Materials for forms
Choice of formwork
Loads on formwork
Permissible stresses for timber
Design of formwork
Shuttering for columns
Shuttering for beam and slab floor
Practical considerations
Erection of forms
Action prior to and during concreting
Striking of forms
Examples
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Chapter 24 : DETAILING OF REINFORCEMENT
24-1
24-2
24-3
24-4
24-5
24-6 |
Introduction
General informations for drawing
Drafting
Columns framing plan and foundation details
Columns details
Slabs and beams details
Closure
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APPENDIX A : SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
APPENDIX B : USEFUL TABLES
Table B-1
Table B-2
Table B-3
Table B-4
Table B-5
Table B-6
Table B-7
Table B-8
Table B-9
Table B-10
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Areas of bars in slabs (in mm2)
Moment and shear coefficients
Reinforcement percentage, pt for singly reinforced sections
Reinforcement percentages for doubly reinforced sections
Limiting moment of resistance factor, Mu,lim,T / (fckbwd2) for singly reinforced T-beams, N/mm2
Properties of round bars used as reinforcement
Design shear strength of concrete tc, N/mm2
Maximum shear stress tc,max N/mm2
Minimum shear reinforcement (two-legged stirrups)
Values of for two-legged stirrups in N/mm
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