REINFORCED CONCRETE
VOL. II

by
Dr. H. J. Shah

This volume elucidates the designs of various types of foundation and structures like retaining walls, water tanks, various typs of slabs, multi-storyed buildings formwork, detaining of reinforcements and elements of prestressed concrete, based on latest Indian standards mainly using Limit State Method. A complete multi-storeyed building design example is also included.

The salient features of the book are:

* Simple, lucid and easy language
* Professional approach to designs
* Step-by-step treatment
* Comprehensive presentation
* Exposition to practical problems
* Excellent detailing

This book contains:
* 258
*   81
*   86
*
   70

*
  51
Self explanatory and neat diagrams
Fully solved designs/problem
Examples for practice
Useful tables
Short questions with answers.
It is hoped that the book will satisfy the needs of the students preparing for Degree Examinations in Civil Engineering as well as for professional Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, It should also be of an immense use to practising Civil/Strutural Engineers.
Price : Rs. 150-00 $ 15-00 £ 10-00
Edition : Fifth Revised and Enlarged Edition : 2006 (2nd Reprint)
Book Size : 135 mm × 210 mm
Binding : Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover
Pages : 672 + 20

CONTENTS


Chapter 1   : DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS : FUNDAMENTALS

Chapter 2   : isolated footings

Chapter 3   : combined footings

Chapter 4   : Pile Foundations

Chapter 5   : Retaining Walls

Chapter 6   : CIRCULAR SLABS

Chapter 7   : FLAT SLABS

Chapter 8   : DOMES

Chapter 9   : WATER TANKS : FUNDAMENTALS

Chapter 10 : CIRCULAR TANKS

Chapter 11 : RECTANGULAR TANKS

Chapter 12 : MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS : FUNDAMENTALS

Chapter 13 : LOAD CALCULATION - II

Chapter 14 : RIBBBED SLABS AND WAFFLE SLABS

Chapter 15 : Beams curved in plan

Chapter 16 : ELEVATED WATER TANKS

Chapter 17 : Intze tank

Chapter 18 : MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING : DESIGN EXAMPLE

Chapter 19 : Formwork

Chapter 20 : Detailing of Reinforcement

Chapter 21 : elements of Prestress concrete

APPENDICIES


DETAILED CONTENT

Chapter 1 : DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS : Fundamentals

1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5

1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9

Introductory
Classification of foundations
Aspects of soil design
General design considerations
Footing for eccentrically loaded columns
Soil design
Types of footings
General design considerations
Concrete pedestal
Transfer of load at the base of column
Table 1-1 : DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS OF COLUMN BARS
Examples

Chapter 2 : isolated footings

2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
Introductory
Wall footings
Axially loaded pad footing
Axially loaded sloped footing
Eccentrically loaded footings
Isolated slab and beam type footing
Resistance to horizontal loads
Examples

Chapter 3 : combined footings

3-1
3-2
3-3
Combined  footings
Strap footings
Strip footings
Table 3-1 : CALCULATIONS OF DESIGN FOR FLEXURE
Table 3-2 : THE SHEAR DESIGN CALCULATIONS
3-4
3-5
Raft foundation
Closure
Examples

Chapter 4 : Pile Foundations

4-1
4-2
Introductory
Loads on pile groups
Table 4-1 : TOTAL LOADS IN PILES
4-3
4-4
Soil design of a pile
Structural design of a pile
General
Handling stresses
Main reinforcement
Ties
Spreaders (forks)
4-5 Design of a pile cap
General
Examples

Chapter 5 : Retaining Walls

5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
Introductory
Types of retaining walls
Earth pressure on walls
Calculation of earth pressure
Earth pressure of submerged soil
Earth pressure due to surcharge
Drainage of retaining walls
Stability requirements
Preliminary proportioning of cantilever retaining wall
Design of a cantilever retaining wall
Table 5-1 : STABILITY CALCULATIONS
Table 5-2
: STABILITY CALCULATIONS
5-11
5-12
Counterfort wall
Stability and design procedure
Table 5-3 : STABILITY CALCULATIONS
Examples

Chapter 6 : CIRCULAR SLABS

6-1
6-2
Introductory
Analysis
Examples

Chapter 7 : FLAT SLABS

7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6

7-7
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-11

Introductory
Column and middle strips
Proportioning of flat slab elements
Limitations of direct design method
Distribution of moments in slabs
Effect of pattern loading
Table 7-1 : MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE VALUES OF ac

Transfer of floor loads into columns
Design for shear
Provision of reinforcement
Openings in flat slabs
Moments in columns
Table 7-2 : REINFORCEMENT ALONG LONG SPAN
Table 7-3 : REINFORCEMENT ALONG SHORT SPAN
Table 7-4 : REINFORCEMENT ALONG LONG/SHORT SPAN

Examples

Chapter 8 : DOMES

8-1
8-2
8-3
Introductory
Stresses in domes
Formulae for forces in spherical domes
Table 8-1 : COEFFICIENTS OF MERIDIONAL AND HOOP FORCES FOR
                    SPHERICAL DOME
8-4
8-5
Design of a spherical dome
Working stress method of design
Table 8-2 : FORCES IN DOME AT DIFFERENT ANGLE q
8-6 Formulae for forces in conical domes
Examples

Chapter 9 : WATER TANKS : FUNDAMENTALS

9-1
9-2
Introductory
Special considerations
Table 9-1 : PERMISSIBLE STRESSES IN STEEL REINFORCEMENT FOR
                    STRENGTH CALCULATIONS
Table 9-2 : PERMISSIBLE CONCRETE STRESSES IN CALCULATIONS
                    RELATING TO RESISTANCE TO CRACKING
Table 9-3 : MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT FOR LIQUID RETAINING
                    STRUCTURES
9-3 Members subjected to axial tension only
Table 9-4 : MINIMUM THICKNESS OF MEMBERS IN DIRECT TENSION
                    (UNCRACKED CONDITION)
9-4 Members subjected to B.M. only
Table 9-5 : MEMBERS IN BENDING COEFFICIENTS FOR
                    BALANCED DESIGN
Table 9-6
: BALANCED DESIGN FACTORS FOR MEMBERS IN BENDING
                    FOR M 20 GRADE CONCRETE MIX
9-5 Members subjected to combined axial tension and bending moment
Examples

Chapter 10 : CIRCULAR TANKS

10-1
10-2
10-3
Introductory
Circular tanks with flexible joint at the base
Circular tanks with restrained base and roof
Table 10-1 : TENSION IN CIRCULAR RING WALL, FIXED BASE,
                      FREE TOP AND SUBJECT TO TRIANGULAR LOAD
Table 10-2
: MOMENTS IN CYLINDRICAL WALL, FIXED BASE,
                   
  FREE TOP AND SUBJECT TO TRIANGULAR LOAD
Table 10-3
: SHEAR AT BASE OF CYLINDRICAL WALL
Table 10-4
: TENSION IN CIRCULAR RING WALL, HINGED BASE,
                   
  FREE TOP AND SUBJECT TO TRIANGULAR LOAD
Table 10-5
: MOMENTS IN CYLINDRICAL WALL, HINGED BASE,
                   
  FREE TOP AND SUBJECT TO TRAPEZOIDAL LOAD
Table 10-6
: REINFORCEMENT FOR HOOP TENSION
Table 10-7
: REINFORCEMENT FOR BENDING MOMENT
Examples

Chapter 11 : RECTANGULAR TANKS

11-1 Behaviour and design
Examples

Chapter 12 : MULTI-STOREYED BUILDINGS : FUNDAMENTALS

12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-10
12-11
12-12
12-13
12-14
Framed buildings
Loads
Low-rise, medium rise and tall buildings
Braced, unbraced and dual structures
Structural layout
Analysis
Gravity loads analysis
Wind and earthquake load analysis
Design of floor
Analysis and design of columns
Tie beams and ground beams
Footings
Computer methods
Conclusion

Chapter 13 : LOAD CALCULATIONS - II

13-1 Introduction
GRAVITY LOADS
13-2
13-3
13-4
Determining column gravity loads
Area method
Beam reaction method
Table 13-1 : COLUMN LOADS (kN) FOR TYPICAL FLOOR
13-5
13-6
Live load reduction
Column load calculations
Table 13-2 : GRAVITY LOADS ON COLUMNS (C5, C8, C9, C12)
                      FOR DL + LL AND DL + LL + WL CASES IN kN
Table 13-3 : GRAVITY LOADS ON COLUMNS (C6, C7, C10, C11)
                      FOR DL + LL AND DL + LL + WL CASES IN kN
Table 13-4 : DL + LL FOR EARTHQUAKE CALCULATIONS
                      (C5, C8, C9, C12) IN kN
Table 13-5 : DL + LL FOR EARTHQUAKE CALCULATIONS
                      (C6, C7, C10, C11) IN kN
13-7 Substitute frame
WIND LOADS
13-8 Wind pressure on buildings
Table 13-6 : RISK COEFFICIENTS FOR DIFFERENT CLASSES OF
                   
  STRUCTURES IN DIFFERENT WIND SPEED ZONES
Table 13-7
: K2 FACTORS TO OBTAIN DESIGN WIND SPEED
                      VARIATION WITH HEIGHT IN DIFFERENT TERRAINS FOR
                   
  DIFFERENT CLASSES OF BUILDINGS/STRUCTURES
13-9 Wind loads on building
Table 13-8 : DESIGN WIND PRESSURES
Table 13-9
: CALCULATION OF WIND LOAD POINT LOADS
13-10
Earthquake loads
Table 13-10 : BASIC HORIZONTAL SEISMIC COEFFICIENT
                     
  IN DIFFERENT ZONES
Table 13-11
: EARTHQUAKE POINT LOADS AND SHEAR CALCULATIONS
13-11
13-12
13-13
13-14
Analysis of a frame subjected to wind or earthquake loads
The portal method
The cantilever method
Closure

Chapter 14 : Ribbed slabs and waffle slabs

RIBBED SLABS
14-1
14-2
14-3
Introductory
Proportioning the dimensions
Analysis and design procedure
WAFFLE SLABS
14-4 Two-way spanning ribbed slabs : Waffle slabs
Examples

Chapter 15 : Beams curved in plan

15-1
15-2
Introductory
Circular beam
Table 15-1 : COEFFICIENTS FOR BEAM CIRCULAR IN PLAN
15-3 Circular arc fixed at ends
Table 15-2 : VALUES OF MC/wR2 FOR CIRCULAR ARC FIXED AT ENDS
                    AND LOADED WITH UNIFORM LOAD
15-4 Design of beams curved in plan
Examples

Chapter 16 : ELEVATED WATER TANKS

16-1
16-2
Introductory
Design of elevated tanks
Examples

Chapter 17 : Intze tank

17-1
17-2
Introductory
Analysis and design
Table 17-1 : REINFORCEMENT IN CYLINDRICAL WALL
Table 17-2
: WIND FORCES ON CONTAINER AND STAGING
Table 17-3
: CHECKING OF COLUMN DESIGN FOR WIND LOADS
Examples

Chapter 18 : MULTI-STOREYED BUILDING : DESIGN EXAMPLE

18-1
18-2
Requirements of the example
Global and local axes
  [A]
[B]
Unit load calculations
Column gravity load calculations using beam-reaction method
TABLE 18-1 : COLUMN LOADS FROM TERRACE
TABLE 18-2 : COLUMN LOADS FROM TYPICAL FLOOR
TABLE 18-3 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
                        DL + LL AND DL + LL + WL CASES —
                        COLUMNS C1, C4, C13, C16
    TABLE 18-4 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
                        DL + LL + EL CASES — COLUMNS C1, C4, C13, C16
    TABLE 18-5 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS
                        DL + LL AND DL + LL + WL FOR CASES —
                        COLUMNS C2, C3, C14, C15 AND C5, C8, C9, C12
    TABLE 18-6 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
                        DL + LL + EL CASES — COLUMNS C2, C3, C14, C15
                        AND C5, C8, C9, C12
    TABLE 18-7 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
                        DL + LL AND DL + LL + WL CASES — COLUMNS
                        C6, C7, C10, C11
    TABLE 18-8 : COLUMN DESIGN LOAD CALCULATIONS FOR
                        DL + LL+ EL CASES — COLUMNS C6, C7, C10, C11
  [C]



[D]




[E]
[F]
Wind load analysis
TABLE 18-9   : DESIGN WIND PRESSURES
TABLE 18-10 : CALCULATION OF WIND LOAD POINT LOADS :
                         EXTERNAL FRAME
Earthquake load analysis
TABLE 18-11 : DISTRIBUTION OF BASE SHEAR : EARTHQUAKE
                         LOADS : EXTERNAL FRAME
TABLE 18-12 : DISTRIBUTION OF BASE SHEAR : EARTH-QUAKE
                         LOADS : INTERNAL FRAME
Gravity load analysis
Design data for columns
TABLE 18-13 : DESIGN DATA FOR COLUMNS C1, C4, C13 AND C16
TABLE 18-14 : DESIGN DATA FOR COLUMNS C2, C3, C14 AND C15
TABLE 18-15 : DESIGN DATA FOR COLUMNS C5, C8, C9 AND C12
TABLE 18-16 : DESIGN DATA FOR COLUMNS C6, C7, C10 AND C11
  [G]
[H]
[I]
Design of columns
Design of ground beams
Design of typical floor
TABLE 18-17 : FLEXURE DESIGN FOR BEAM B4B5B6
TABLE 18-18 : SHEAR DESIGN FOR BEAM B4B5B6
  [J]



[K]
Design of footings
TABLE 18-19 : COMPARISON OF FACTORED FOUNDATION LOADS
TABLE 18-20 : DESIGN OF ISOLATED SLOPED FOOTINGS
                         (M 15 CONCRETE, FE 415 STEEL)
Drawings
18-3 Closure

Chapter 19 : Formwork

19-1
19-2
19-3
19-4
19-5
19-6
Introductory
Requirements for good formwork
Materials for forms
Choice of formwork
Loads on formwork
Permissible stresses for timber
TABLE 19-1 : MINIMUM PERMISSIBLE STRESS LIMITS IN
                       THREE GROUPS OF STRUCTURAL TIMBERS
                       (FOR GRADE 1 MATERIAL)
TABLE 19-2 : MODIFICATION FACTOR K1 TO ALLOW FOR
                       CHANGE IN SLOPE OF GRAIN
TABLE 19-3 : MODIFICATION FACTOR K2 FOR CHANGE IN
                       DURATION OF LOADING
19-7
19-8
19-9
19-10
19-11
19-12
19-13
Design of formwork
Shuttering for columns
Shuttering for beam and slab floor
Practical considerations
Erection of forms
Action prior to and during concreting
Striking of forms
Examples

Chapter 20 : Detailing of Reinforcement

20-1
20-2
20-3
Introduction
General informations for drawing
Drafting
Table 20-1 : FOOTING SCHEDULE
20-4

Columns framing plan and foundation details
Table 20-2 : COLUMN SCHEDULE
General notes

20-5
20-6
20-7
Columns details
Slabs and beams details
Closure

Chapter 21 : elements of Prestress concrete

21-1
21-2
21-3
21-4
21-5
21-6
21-7
Introduction
Methods of prestressing
Advantages and disadvantages of prestressed concrete
Materials used for prestressed concrete
Prestressing applied to rectangular beams : Stress calculations
Sloping tendon
Losses in prestress
Table 21-1 : RELAXATION LOSSES FOR PRESTRESSING STEEL
                   
  AT 1000 HOUSE AT 27ºC
21-8 Closure
Questions
Examples

aPPENDICIES

APPENDIX A : Short questions
APPENDIX B : Useful tables
  Table B-1 PROPERTIES OF ROUND BARS USED AS REINFORCEMENT
Table B-2 AREAS OF BARS IN SLABS
Table B-3 MOMENT AND SHEAR COEFFICIENTS