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IRRIGATION
AND
WATER POWER

by
V. B. Priyani
Revised and Enlarged by
S. C. Rangwala

This book describes the fundamental principles of Irrigation and Water Power in Iucid language. The text is divided in two parts. In part first, Irrigation Engineering covers in detail, topics on general principles, hydrology, head works, types of dams, types of irrigation, distribution works; also land reclamation, inland navigation, flood control, malaria control, river training, multipurpose river-valley projects, etc. Special and extensive chapter of water power development is also discussed. In part two, detailed problems and design of irrigation works are given.

This edition is extensively revised and updated by incorporating plenty of latest material. There have been modification in the chapters of the earlier edition. In Appendix III some of the salient features of Sardar Sarovar (Narmada) Project have been added.

The book includes:

* 276
*   29
*   47
* 114

*
182
Self explanatory and neat diagrams
Model photographs of the irrigation structures
Problems and design of irrigation works
Solved questions with answers
Examination and objective type questions
This book in the present from will prove to be extremely useful to civil engineering students preparing for the degree examinations of all the Indian Universities, diploma examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, certificate courses and also for the A.M.I.E. and U.P.S.C. examinations. It will also prove of interest and of practical value to practising engineers.
Price : Rs. 150-00 $ 15-00 £ 7-50
Edition : Tenth Revised and Enlarged Edition
Book Size : 135 mm × 210 mm
Binding : Half-cloth Hard-Bound with Three Colour Jacket Cover
Pages : 751 + 20
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CONTENTS

Part I : IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Chapter 1   : DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL

Chapter 2   : WATER REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS

Chapter 3   : HYDROLOGY

Chapter 4   : STORAGE HEAD WORKS AND SURFACE STORAGE

Chapter 5   : MASONRY AND CONCRETE DAMS

Chapter 6   : SINGLE ARCH AND MULTIPLE ARCH DAMS

Chapter 7   : EARTH DAM (ROLLED FILL TYPE)

Chapter 8   : MISCELLANEOUS DAMS

Chapter 9   : WEIR HEAD WORKS

Chapter 10 : DIVERSION HEAD WORKS ON ALLUVIAL SOIL

Chapter 11 : IRRIGATION CHANNELS IN ALLUVIAL SOIL

Chapter 12 : CANAL MASONRY WORKS IN ALLUVIAL SOIL

Chapter 13 : IRRIGATION CHANNELS AND CANAL MASONRY WORKS IN NON-ALLUVIAL SOIL

Chapter 14 : SUBSOIL WATER IRRIGATION

Chapter 15 : BANDHARA IRRIGATION

Chapter 16 : INUNDATION IRRIGATION

Chapter 17 : SOIL MOISTURE AND MODES OF IRRIGATION

Chapter 18 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION WORKS

Chapter 19 : LAND RECLAMATION

Chapter 20 : SOIL CONSERVATION AND FLOOD CONTROL

Chapter 21 : INLAND NAVIGATION

Chapter 22 : RIVER TRAINING

Chapter 23 : MALARIA CONTROL

Chapter 24 : PREPARATION OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS

Chapter 25 : MULTIPURPOSE RIVER-VALLEY PROJECTS

Chapter 26 : ELEMENTS OF WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 27 : UNIVERSITY-TYPE QUESTIONS(Descriptive)

Chapter 28 : UNIVERSITY-TYPE QUESTIONS (Numerical Problems)

Chapter 29 : MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS (Numerical and Descriptive)

APPENDICES


Part II : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

Chapter 30/31/32/33 : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS
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DETAILED CONTENT

Part I
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Chapter 1 : DEFINITIONS AND GENERAL

Introductory
Definitions
Brief review of the development of irrigation practice and technique in India
Necessity of irrigation
Land
Water
Advantages of irrigation
Possible disadvantages of irrigation
Types of irrigation
Scope of irrigation engineering
Some terms
Alluvial and nonalluvial soils
Scope of irrigation schemes
Direct irrigation scheme
Storage irrigation scheme
Miscellaneous irrigation schemes
Present position of irrigation in India
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Chapter 2 : WATER REQUIREMENTS OF CROPS
Introductory
Functions of irrigation water
Indian agriculture
Agriculture in Gujarat and Maharashtra States
Duty and Delta
Factors affecting duty
Importance of duty figures
Relation between duty and delta
Delta for some crops
Crop seasons in Bombay-Deccan
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Chapter 3 : HYDROLOGY

Introductory
Sources of irrigation water
Rainfall and runoff
Utilization of rainfall
Rain gauges
Definitions
Characteristics of Indian rainfall
Variation of rainfall over an area
Isohyets
Runoff or Flowoff
Average annual runoff
Determining the average annual runoff
Gauging of river flow
Maximum rate of runoff
Determining the maximum rate of runoff
Hydrograph
Choice of methods of computing H.F.Q.

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Chapter 4 : STORAGE HEAD WORKS AND SURFACE STORAGE

Introductory
Storage head works
Lake basin
Storage capacity of lake
Evaporation and percolation losses in lake
Sedimentation in lakes
Computing the storage capacity of lake
Fixing the height of dam
Fixing the site of dam
Kinds of dams
Choice of the kind of dam
Flood absorption capacity of a storage reservoir
Types of spillway or surplussing work
Head water control
Waster weir with crest-gates
Types of spillway gates
Gate hoist or gate operating gear
Methods for fixing the storage capacity of reservoirs
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Chapter 5 : MASONRY AND CONCRETE DAMS

Introductory
Gravity dam
Materials used for construction
Low and high solid gravity dams
Theoretical and practical profiles of a low solid gravity dam
Theoretical and practical profiles of a high solid gravity dam
Uplift
Conditions of stability of a solid gravitydam
Stresses in solid gravity dam
Foundation bed of solid gravity dam
Overflow solid gravity dam
Stability of an overflow dam
Profile of an overflow dam
Design of downstream face of an overflow dam
Waste weir and its control
Fixed roller gate
Stoney gate or Free roller gate
Taintor gate
Drum gate
Reinold’s gate
Visvesvaraya gate
Ordinary siphon spillway or saddle siphon spillway
Volute siphon spillway
Fish ladder
Log chute
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Chapter 6 : SINGLE ARCH AND MULTIPLE ARCH DAMS

Introductory
Feasibility of construction of single arch dam
Types of single arch dam
Principles of design
Spillway
Shaft spillway
Reservoir outlet
Multiple arch dam or Arch and buttress dam
Stability of multiple arch dam
Principles of design of multiple arch dam
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Chapter 7 : EARTH DAM (ROLLED FILL TYPE)

Introductory
Kinds of earth dam
Saturation gradient
Design of earth dam
Drainage of earth dam
Details of construction of earth dam
Earth Moving machinery
Causes of slip and other failures of earth dam and the requirements for its safety
Stability of solid
Spillway
Types of lake outlets
Solid gravity dam versus Earth dam
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Chapter 8 : MISCELLANEOUS DAMS

Introductory
R.C.C. dam
Stability of deck dam
Principles of the design of deck dam (Ambursen type)
Cylinder type R.C.C. dam
Rock fill dam
Hydraulic fill dam
Steel dam
Timber dam
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Chapter 9 : WEIR HEAD WORKS

Introductory
Kinds of weirs
Diversion head works in alluvial area
Site for diversion weir on alluvial soil
Alignment of diversion weir on alluvial soil
Types of diversion weir on alluvial soil
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Chapter 10 : DIVERSION HEAD WORKS ON ALLUVIAL SOIL

Introductory
Component parts of diversion weir on permeable foundation
Principles of the design of crestwall and aprons
Bligh’s creep theory for weirs on permeable foundation
Khosla’s theory for the design of weirs on permeable foundation
Finding the thickness of downstream pucca gravity floor according to Khosla’s Theory
Undersluices or Weir scouring sluices
Fish ladder
Movable weir crests
Head regulator of main canal
Silt regulation at diversion head works
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Chapter 11 : IRRIGATION CHANNELS IN ALLUVIAL SOIL

Introductory
Irrigation channels (or canal system)
Alignment or location or layout of irrigation channels
Full supply discharge of irrigation channels
Losses by evaporation and seepage in canals
Design of irrigation channels
Kennedy’s and Lacey’s silt theories
Silting and Scour
Canal lining
Strengthening of the weak canal banks by inducing fine silt deposit
Aquatic weeds
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Chapter 12 : CANAL MASONRY WORKS IN ALLUVIAL SOIL

Introductory
Cross drainage works
Aqueduct
Superpassage
Level crossing
Inlets and outlets
Regulation works
Head regulatator
Cross regulator
Canal fall
Canal escape
Irrigation outlets
Gibb’s module
Venturi meter or Rate meter
Flumes
Regulating gates for sluices and the gate lifting gear
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Chapter 13 :IRRIGATION CHANNELS AND CANAL MASONRY WORKS IN NON-ALLUVIAL SOIL

Introuctory
Valley irrigation and pickup weir
Testing the stability of pickup weir analytically
Irrigation channels
Alignment
Full supply discharge
Losses due to evaporation and seepage
Design of irrigation channels
Velocity formulae
Silting and Scour
Canal lining
Aquatic weeds
Canal masonry works
Cross drainage works
Aqueduct
Superpassage
Level crossing
Drainage inlet and Surface outlet
Regulation works
Head regulator
Cross regulator
Canal fall
Rapid
Canal escape
Irrigation outlets
Gibb’s module
Venturi meter
Flumes
Regulating gates and Gate-hoist
Tail reservoir
Tunnel section of irrigation channel
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Chapter 14 : SUBSOIL WATER IRRIGATION

Introductory
Forms of subsoil water irrigation
Yield of open well in permeables stratum in alluvial soil
Tests to ascertain the yield of an open well dug in a permeable stratum
Tube well
Advantages and disadvantages of well irrigation
Degree of permissible salinity in the water of an irrigation well
Methods of lifting irrigation water
Archimedean screw
Doon
Chain pump
Centrifugal pump
Wind mill
Air lift pump
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Chapter 15 : BANDHARA IRRIGATION

Introdutory
Site of bandhara
Form and design of bandhara
Irrigation channels and canal masonry works
Phad system of irrigation
Maintenance of irrigation works in bandhara irrigation
Advantages and disadvantages of bandhara irrigation
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Chapter 16 : INUNDATION IRRIGATION

Introductory
Head of the main inundation canal
Irrigation channels
Advantages and disadvantages of inundation irrigation
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Chapter 17 : SOIL MOISTURE AND MODES OF IRRIGATION

Introductory
Soil moisture
Preparation of raw land for irrigation
Suitability of soils for irrigation
Methods or Modes of irrigation (or Modes of applying water on land)
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Chapter 18 : OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF IRRIGATION WORKS

Introductory
Administration
Economy of irrigation water
Operation and maintenance of irrigation works
Irrigation assessment
Dr. M. Visvesvaraya’s block system of irrigation
Irrigation projects
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Chapter 19 : LAND RECLAMATION

Introductory
Necessity of land reclamation
Salt efflorescence
Reclamation of salt-affected land
Prevention of lands from becoming salt-affected
Water-logging
Causes of water-logging
Effects of water-logging
Reclamation of water-logged land
Alignment and location of drains for sub-surface drainage
Design of drains for sub-surface drainage
Prevention of water-logging
Preparation of drainage projects for water-logged agricultural land
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Chapter 20 : SOIL CONSERVATION AND FLOOD CONTROL

Introductory
Causes of soil erosion
Kinds of erosion
Results of soil erosion
Soil conservation
Soil conservation in India
Flood control
Flood routing
Flood control in India
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Chapter 21 : INLAND NAVIGATION

Introductory
Navigable inland waterways
Methods of achieving navigability in river
Requirements of navigation canals versus irrigation canals
Navigation works
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Chapter 22 : RIVER TRAINING

General
Types of rivers
Cut off
Objects of river training
Main types of river training works
Conclusion
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Chapter 23 : MALARIA CONTROL

Introduction
Malaria and its effects
Malaria in India
Causes of malaria
Malaria control
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Chapter 24 : PREPARATION OF IRRIGATION PROJECTS

General
Classification of Irrigation projects
Penetrating vision and sweet reasonableness
Investigation of an irrigation project
Designs, plans, estimates and costs
Project report
Maintenance
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Chapter 25 : MULTIPURPOSE RIVER-VALLEY PROJECTS

Introduction
Economic planning of multipurpose schemes
Design principles of a multipurpose project
River-valley projects in India
National water grids
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Chapter 26 : ELEMENTS OF WATER POWER DEVELOPMENT

Introduction
Forms of energy
Sources of energy
Power plant
Types of power schemes
Importance of electrical power
Power development in India
Water power scheme
Types of water power scheme
Layout of water power schemes
Water power potential and Electrical power generated
Installed capacity of power station
Synchronous speed of generator
Interception works
Mass in-flow curve
Bar graph
Pondage
Flow-duration curve
Power-duration curve
Uses of power
Economic diameter of pipe
Forebay
Surge tank
Surge tank analysis
Hydraulic turbines
Selection of water turbine
Power station
Transformer yard
Economics of water power development
Planning of water power scheme
Report on water power scheme
Pumped storage hydel scheme
Power system
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Chapter 27 : UNIVERSITY-TYPE QUESTIONS (Descriptive)

University-type Descriptive Questions 1-18

Chapter 28 : UNIVERSITY-TYPE QUESTIONS (Numerical Problems)

University-type Numerical Problems 1-35

Chapter 29 : MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS (Numerical and Descriptive)

Numerical and Descriptive Miscellaneous Questions 1-38

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APPENDICIES :
APPENDIX I : Photographs of the Models of Irrigation Structures
APPENDIX II : Hydro-Electric Development in India
APPENDIX III : Sardar Sarovar Project (Gujarat State)
APPENDIX IV : Problems in Engineering Economy
APPENDIX V : Objective Questions
APPENDIX VI : Examination Questions
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Part II
ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

Chapter 30 : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

In Irrigation Engineering – I

Chapter 31 : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

In Irrigation Engineering – II

Chapter 32 : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

In Irrigation Engineering – III

Chapter 33 : ELEMENTARY PROBLEMS AND DESIGNS

In Irrigation Engineering – IV
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