This fourth edition explains the basic principles of various survey techniques and the survey instruments used in the field through both theoretical and practical manners.
The topics of the subject are covered in 24 well-arranged
chapters, therein, it contains:
*
355
* 204
* 477
* 21 |
Self-explanatory and neat diagrams
Solved illustrative problems
Questions at the ends of chapters
Useful tables. |
The book will be extremely useful to the students preparing
for Degree Examinations in Civil Engineering of all the Indian Universities, Diploma
Examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate courses
as well as for the A.M.I.E. and U.P.S.C. Examinations. It would also prove of
interest and of practical value to the practising Civil Engineers.
| Price |
: |
Rs. 165-00 |
$ 15-00 |
£ 10-00 |
| Edition |
: |
Fourth Edition : 2005 |
| ISBN |
: |
81-85594-52-X |
| Book Size |
: |
135 mm × 210 mm |
| Binding |
: |
Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover |
| Pages |
: |
780 + 12 |
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION
Chapter 2 : SCALES
Chapter 3 : LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF DISTANCES
Chapter 4 : CROSS-STAFF SURVEY
Chapter 5 : CHAIN SURVEYING
Chapter 6 : COMPUTATION OF AREAS
Chapter 7 : COMPASS SURVEY
Chapter 8 : PLANE TABLE SURVEY
Chapter 9 : LEVELLING
Chapter 10 : CONTOURING
Chapter 11 : MINOR INSTRUMENTS
Chapter 12 : COMPUTATION OF VOLUMES
Chapter 13 : THEODOLITE
Chapter 14 : PERMANENT ADJUSTMENTS OF LEVELS
Chapter 15 : TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING
Chapter 16 : CIRCULAR CURVES
Chapter 17 : TRANSITION CURVES
Chapter 18 : VERTICAL CURVES
Chapter 19 : FIELD ASTRONOMY
Chapter 20 : THEORY OF ERRORS
Chapter 21 : SETTING OUT WORKS
Chapter 22 : HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING
Chapter 23 : PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING
Chapter 24 : ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION
General
Object of survey
Purposes of survey
Uses of survey
Classification of surveys
Principles of surveying
Measurements and their units
Surveyor
Precision and accuracy in surveying
Questions
Chapter
2 : SCALES
General
Requirements of a scale
Classification of scales
Scales for survey maps and plans
Correction due to use of wrong scale
Questions
Chapter
3 : LINEAR MEASUREMENTS OF DIST ANCES
General
Direct methods of linear measurements
Types of chains
Testing and adjusting of chain
Instruments for marking stations
Ranging
Chaining on plain ground
Point to be observed during chaining
Chaining on sloping ground
Errors in ordinary chaining
Degree of accuracy in chaining work
Types of tapes
Tape corrections
Questions
Chapter
4 : CROSS-STAFF SURVEY
General
Purpose
Basic principle
Instruments for setting out perpendiculars
Cross-staff survey
Obstacles in chaining
Questions
Chapter
5 : CHAIN SURVEYING
General
Principle of chain survey
Survey stations
Survey lines
Offsets
Entering measurements in a field book
Instruments required in chain survey
Procedure for carrying out chain survey
Plotting work
Questions
Chapter 6 : COMPUTATIAN
OF AREAS
General
Methods for computation of areas
Zero circle
Questions
Chapter
7 : COMPASS SURVEY
General
Traversing and triangulation
Methods of measuring direction
Magnetic needle
Pivot
Compass
Tripods
Bearings
Included angles from bearings
Local attraction
Chain and compass survey
Plotting of compass survey
Closing error
Errors in compass survey
Precautions in using the compass
Limits of precision
Questions
Chapter
8 : PLANE TABLE SURVEY
General
Instruments required for plane table survey
Accessories required for plane table survey
Temporary adjustments of plane table
Methods of plane table survey
Two-point and three-point problems
Errors in plane table survey
Advantages of plane table survey
Disadvantages of plane table survey
Questions
Chapter
9 : LEVELLING
General
Definitions of some common terms in levelling
Instruments for levelling
Essential parts of a level
Parallax and focussing
Defects of a single lens
Parts of a telescope
Optical characteristics of telescope
Accessories to a 1evel
Types of levels
Levelling staff
Bench marks
Temporary adjustments of level
Principles of levelling
Methods of levelling
Entering the staff readings
Reduction of levels
Difficulties in levelling
Curvature and refraction
Errors in levelling
Precision of levelling
Questions
Chapter
10 : CONTOURING
General
Contour lines
Contour interval
Horizontal equivalent
Characteristics of contours
Location of contours
Interpolation of contours
Contour drawing
Contour gradient
Uses of contours
Questions
Chapter
11 : MINOR INSTRUMENTS
General
Abney level
Box sextant
Ceylon ghat tracer
De Lisle’s clinometer
Eidograph
Foot-rule clinometer
Hand level
Indian pattern clinometer
Pantagraph
Proportional compass
Watkin’s mirror clinometer
Questions
Chapter
12 : COMPUTATION OF VOLUMES
General
Methods for computation of volumes
Prismoidal correction
Curvature correction for volumes
Questions
Chapter
13 : THEODOLITE
General
Essential parts of a transit theodolite
Definitions and terms used for theodolite work
Micrometer theodolites
Temporary adjustments of theodolite
Measurement of horizontal angles
Measurement of vertical angles
Miscellaneous operations with theodolite
Theodolite traverse
Locating details in theodolite traverse
Degree of accuracy in theodolite traversing
Plotting of theodolite traverse
Closing error
Angular error
Adjustment of barings
Balancing the traverse
Traverse table
Errors in theodolite work
Modern theodolites
Fundamental lines and desired relations
Permanent adjustments of theodolite
Uses of theodolite
Questions
Chapter
14 : PERMANENT ADJUSTMENTS OF LEVELS
General
Fundamental axes of the levelling instruments
Principle of reversibility
Precautions to be taken during the permanent adjustments
Adjustments of dumpy level
Adjustments of Y-level
Adjustments of Cooke’s reversible level
Adjustments of Cushing’s 1evel
Adjustments of tilting level
Questions
Chapter
15 : TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING
General
Instruments
Uses of tacheometry
Systems of tacheometric measurements
Stadia method
Subtense method
Tangential method
Questions
Chapter
16 : CIRCULAR CURVES
General
Classification of circular curves
Simple curves
Compound curves
Reverse or serpentine curves
Questions
Chapter
17 : TRANSITION CURVES
General
Requirements of transition curve
Composite curve
Super-elevation
Centrifugal ratio
Length of transition curve
Ideal transition curve
Cartesian co-ordinates of the points
Calculation of deflection angles
Modifications of ideal transition curve
Characteristics of a transition curve
Lemniscate transition curve
Comparison of transition curves
Problems
Questions
Chapter
18 : VERTICAL CURVES
General
Grade
Types of vertical curves
Equation of vertical curve
Length of vertical curve
Sight distance of vertical curve at summit
Sight distance of vertical curve at sag
Vertical curve passing through a fixed point
Setting out vertical curves
Problems
Questions
Chapter
19 : FIELD ASTRONOMY
General
Some astronomical terms
Terrestrial latitude and longitude
Parallel of latitude
Nautical mile
Spherical trigonometry
Spherical triangle
Some useful data
Astronomical triangle
Star at elongation
Star at prime vertical
Star at culmination or transit
Circumpolar stars
Star at horizon
Relationships between co-ordinates
Time
Questions
Chapter
20 : THEORY OF ERRORS
General
Accuracy and precision
Types of errors
Some definitions
Laws of accidental errors
Probability curve
Most probable value
Average error and maximum error
Mean square error
Method of least squares
Laws of weights
Rules for giving weights to the field observations
Distribution of error to the field observations
Questions
Chapter
21 : SETTING OUT WORKS
General
General considerations
Control stations
Horizontal control
Vertical control
Setting of structure
Setting out of important structures
Setting out bridges
Setting out buildings
Setting out culverts
Setting out dams
Setting out sewers
Setting out tunnels
Questions
Chapter
22 : HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING
General
Requirements of hydrographic survey
Shore line survey
Soundings
Location of soundings
Reduction of soundings
Tides
Tide gauges
Questions
Chapter
23 : PHOTOGRAPHIC SURVEYING
General
Classification of photogrammetry
Aerial photogrammetry
Terrestrial photogrammetry
Application of photogrammetry
Mosaics
Questions
Chapter
24 : ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
General
Instruments for electronic methods
New development
Questions