Many new Specifications, Rate Analysis and Estimates of various engineering structures are added. One new chapter “Construction Management and Planning” is added, in which CPM technique, bar chart, material resources, material management, etc. are described in detail. Following three Appendix are also included at the end of the book :
Part I
Part II
Part III: Elements of Estimating and Costing
: Estimating and Costing in Practice
: Valuation.
The estimates for R.C.C. work is revised using concrete grade M20 instead of grade M15 as per provision made in the latest IS:456 after earthquake 2001. Also rate analysis of corresponding R.C.C. items using grade M20 are added. Latest rates for materials are considered after enforcement of VAT (Value Added Tax) announced in budget 2006.
Appendix II
Appendix IIIAppendix IV
: contains Task Work Per Day as per Schedule of Rates.
: contains Load Carrying Capacity of a Truck and Calculation of Materials fo
different Items.
: contains Approximate Maximum Quantity of Steel Required per cu m of
Concrete for different R.C.C. items.
The book now contains :
It is hoped that the book will satisfy the needs of the Civil Engineering students preparing for the Degree examinations of almost all the Indian Universities, Diploma examinations conducted by various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate courses as well as for the A.M.I.E., U.P.S.C., G.A.T.E. and other similar competitive and professional Examinations. It should also be of an immense help to the practising Civil Engineers.
* 97
* 56
* 128
* 77
* 111
* 255Specifications
Rate Analysis
Typical Estimates
Neatly Drawn Computerised Drawings
Worked Examples
Practical Questions and Answers
Questions at the end of Chapters.
| Price | : | Rs. 250-00 | ||
| Edition | : | Twelfth Thoroughly Revised and Enlarged Edition : 2009 | ||
| ISBN | : | 978-81-85594-85-9 | ||
| Book Size | : | 170 mm × 240 mm | ||
| Binding | : | Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover | ||
| Pages | : | 738 + 24 | ||
Part I : ELEMENTS OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING
Chapter 1 : APPROXIMATE METHODS OF COSTING
Chapter 3 : CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
Chapter 4 : CONTRACTS AND TENDERS
Chapter 7 : CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
Part II : ESTIMATING AND COSTING IN PRACTICE
Chapter 9 : TAKING OUT QUANTITIES
Chapter 10 : ESTIMATES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS
Chapter 11 : ESTIMATES OF DIFFERENT R.C.C. STRUCTURES AND THEIR FORMWORK
Chapter 12 : ESTIMATES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOFS AND STEEL STRUCTURES
Chapter 13 : ESTIMATES OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITARY WORKS
Chapter 14 : ESTIMATES OF BRIDGES, CULVERTS AND PIERS
Chapter 15 : ESTIMATES OF IRRIGATION WORKS
Chapter 16 : ESTIMATES OF ROAD WORKS
Part III : VALUATION
Chapter 18 : INVESTMENT IN REAL PROPERTY
Chapter 19 : INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY
Chapter 20 : METHODS OF VALUATION
Chapter 24 : MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
APPENDICIESChapter 1 : APPROXIMATE METHODS OF COSTING
| 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-3-1 |
General Estimate and estimating Types of estimates Detailed estimate |
||
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
General Preparation of detailed estimate Standard measurement form Abstract of estimate Important factors for detailed estimate |
||
| 1-3-2 | Approximate estimate | ||
(1) (2) (3) (4) |
General General principle of approximate methods of costing Construction cost index Approximate methods of costing for various structures |
||
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) |
Buildings Steel bridges R.C.C. retaining walls Highways and roads Dams Culverts Irrigation canals Water supply and sanitary projects |
||
| 1-3-2 | Approximate estimate | ||
(1) (2) (3) (4) |
General General principle of approximate methods of costing Construction cost index Approximate methods of costing for various structures |
||
(A) (B) (C) (D) (E) (F) (G) (H) |
Buildings Steel bridges R.C.C. retaining walls Highways and roads Dams Culverts Irrigation canals Water supply and sanitary projects |
||
1-3-3 1-3-7 |
Quantity estimate Revised estimate Supplementary estimate Revised estimate and supple-mentary estimate due to reduction of cost (following P.W.D. manual) Complete estimate Annual maintenance and repair estimate Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
||
| 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-6-1 2-6-2 |
General Definition Objects of specifications Importance of specifications Use of specifications Types of specifications Brief specifications Detailed specifications |
|||
(1) (2) (3) |
General provisions Technical provisions Standard specifications |
|||
| 2-7 | Classification of specifications | |||
(1) (2) (3) |
Open specifications Restricted specifications Closed specifications |
|||
| 2-8 2-9 |
Design of specifications Important aspects of the design of a specification |
|||
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) |
Changes Clearness Co-operation Cost Designer Flexibility Product control |
|||
| 2-10 | Principles of specification writing | |||
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) |
Subject matter Grammar Abbreviations Development of style Selection of words Accuracy Conflicting requirements Practical limits and commercial sizes Clearness Fairness Brevity |
|||
| 2-11 | Sources of information | |||
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Contract drawings Previous specifications Requirements of owner Site investigations Standard specifications Trade catalogues |
|||
| 2-12 | Typical specifications | |||
(1)
(31) |
Specification for excavation Specification for removal of water from foundations Specification for damp proof course Specification for brickbat lime concrete for foundation in proportion (1:2:4) Specification for brickwork I class in c.m. (1:6) Specification for timber doors and windows Specifications for steel doors and windows Specification for bricknogged partition in c.m. (1:4) Specification for random rubble masonry Specification for coursed rubble masonry Specification for ashlar masonry in c.m. (1:3) Specification for R.C.C. work proportion (1:2:4) Specification for reinforced brickwork for slab of one brick depth Specification for terrazo finish Specification for marble finish Specification for polished Kotah machine cut stone paving Specification for brick on edge flooring Specification for cement concrete flooring in proportion (1:2:4) Specification for pointing in c.m. (1:1) pecification for 20 mm sand faced cement plaster Specification for 18 mm thick single coat mala plaster Specification for whitewashing in three coats Specification for painting in three coats Specification for French polish Specification for wax polish Specification for suspended ceiling of plaster of Paris Specification for Manglore-tiled roof Specification for cast-iron articles Specification for fixing cement corrugated asbestos roofing sheets on steel purlins Specification for fixing 1 mm thick corrugated galvanized iron sheets on wooden purlins Specification for driving precast R.C.C. piles Specification for uncased cast-in-situ R.C.C. piles Specification for providing and laying 150 mm diameter S.W. pipe Specification for providing and laying 900 mm diameter R.C.C. hume pipe Specification for 160 mm water-bound macadam road for heavy traffic Specification for 50 mm full grout surface on an existing road Specification for earthwork for road in embankment Specification for lightening conductor Specification for cast iron pipes Specification for supplying and fixing Indian type W.C. with foot rest Specification for providing and fixing European type W.C. Specification for providing and fixing wash basin including all fittings Specifications for supplying, laying and fixing galvanized iron pipes |
|||
| 2-13 | Specifications in outlines | |||
(1) (21) |
Specification for the brickwork in arch in c.m. (1:4) Specification for brickwork II class in c.m. (1:6) Specification for brickwork III class in c.m. (1:6) Specification for the brick partition wall in c.m. (1:4) Specification for reinforced brick-work for walls in c.m. (1:3) Specification for coursed rubble masonry I sort in c.m. (1:6) Specification for coursed rubble masonry II sort in c.m. (1:6) Specification for coursed rubble masonry III sort in c.m. (1:6) Specification for R.C.C. slab 12 cm thick prop. (1:2:4) Specification for R.C.C. beam prop. (1:2:4) Specification for R.C.C. stair of 1 metre width prop. (1:2:4) Specification for 40 mm thick Indian patent stoneprop. (1:2:4) Specification for wooden cupboards Specification for 12 mm thick cement plaster in c.m. (1:4) Specification for manhole of size 1 m × 1 m and depth not exceeding 2 m Specification for centrifugal pumps Specification for mosaic tiles Specification for 80 mm full grout surface on existing road Specification for 50 mm thick asphaltic concrete road surface Specification for 150 mm thick cement concrete road (1:2:4) laid in single layer Specification for cement macadam road on existing W.B. road surface Specification for fabricating steel roof truss by welding Specification for earthwork for road in cutting Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
|||
Chapter 3 : CONTRACTS AND TENDERS
| 3-1 3-2 |
Definition of the term contract Essential requirements or elements of a valid contract |
|
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Lawful subject matter Legally competent parties Valid consideration Free consent Provisions of law with regard to form |
|
| 3-3 | Trade usages | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) |
Certainty Lawful Reasonable Well-known |
|
| 3-4 | Methods for execution of work done in P.W.D. | |
(1) (2) |
Departmental Execution Contract system |
|
| 3-5 3-6 |
Difference between departmental execution and contract system Selection of mode of execution |
|
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) |
Availability of experienced contractor Economic condition Nature of work Requirements, facilities,available and arrangements Specialized work Time limit of work Volume of work |
|
| 3-7 | Forms of contract | |
(1) (2) (3) |
Lump-sum contracts Unit-price or item-rate contracts Cost-plus or percentage contracts |
|
| 3-8 | Termination of contracts | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Termination by performance Termination by agreement Termination by breach Termination by impossibility of the performance Termination by operation of the provisions of the law |
|
| 3-9 | Types of contracts | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Labour contracts Negotiated contracts Schedule of prices contracts Package deal contracts Demolition contracts |
|
| 3-10 | Responsibilities of different agencies | |
(1) (2) (3) |
Responsibilities of the engineer Responsibilities of the contractor Responsibilities of the owner |
|
| 3-11 | Contract between owner and engineer | |
(1) (2) (3) |
Clearness Death of owner Statutory provisions |
|
| 3-12 | Earnest money and security deposit | |
(1) (2) |
Restriction on competition For punishment |
|
| 3-13 3-14 3-14-1 3-14-2 |
Mobilization fund Tenders Meaning of tender Classification of tenders |
|
(1) (2) (3) |
Open or public tender Selected or limited tender Negotiated tender |
|
| 3-14-3 3-14-4 |
Opening of tenders Scrutiny of tenders |
|
(1) (2) |
Mode of submission of tender Opening of tenders |
|
| 3-14-5 | Acceptance of tender | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) |
Conduct of the parties Acceptance by telegram Acceptance in writing Absolute acceptance |
|
| 3-14-6 3-14-7 3-14-8 |
Revocation of tender Work executed without a contract Tender form |
|
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Price Earnest money Security deposit Time limit Tender validity period Miscellaneous |
|
| 3-14-9 | Unbalanced tender | |
(1) (2) (3) |
se of equipment and organization Working capital Speculation on the mistakes in the estimate |
|
| 3-15 | Liquidated damages | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) |
Act of owner Certificate of engineer Clause of extension of time Original contractor |
|
| 3-16 | Advertisement | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) |
Title Owner Brief description of the work Issue of tender form Receiving of the tenders Form of contract Earnest money and security deposit Plans and specifications Award of the contract Signature |
|
| 3-17 | Contract documents | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) |
Title page Index Tender notice Information Tender form Conditions of contract Specifications Drawings |
|
| 3-18 | Qualification of contractors | |
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Post-qualification of contractors Advantages of post-qualification Disadvantages of post-qualification Pre-qualification of contractors Advantages of pre-qualification Disadvantages of pre-qualification |
|
| 3-19 | Direct and indirect costs | |
(1) (2) |
Direct costs Indirect costs |
|
| Basic price contracts Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
||
Chapter 4: CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT
| 4-1 | Definition |
| 4-2 | Object |
| 4-3 | Importance |
| 4-4 | Peculiarities |
| (1) Number of the clauses (2) Relation with the technical provisions (3) Use |
|
| 4-5 | General provisions |
| (1) Conditions relating to documents (2) Conditions relating to the general obligations of the contractor (3) Conditions relating to labour and personnel (4) Conditions relating to assignments and sub-letting (5) Conditions relating to the execution of the work (6) Conditions relating to measurements and payments (7) Conditions relating to default and non-completion (8) Conditions relating to settlement of disputes (9) Special conditions |
|
| 4-6 | Typical clauses of the conditions of contract |
| (1) Definitions (2) Establishment and preservation of the points (3) Storage of tools and materials (4) Contractor to study the particulars of the works in detail (5) Engineer during construction (6) Receiving instructions from the engineer (7) Removal of employees of the contractor (8) Alterations, additions and omissions (9) Arbitration (10) Inferior materials and workmanship (11) Extension of time for the completion of the works (12) Failure to complete the works in time (13) Right to suspend the work by the owner (14) Compliance of laws, etc. (15) Patent rights and royalties (16) Labour laws (17) Public travel (18) Abandonment (19) Sub-letting (20) Interim payment to the contractor (21) Final payment (22) Possession prior to completion (23) Rates of contractor to remain firm during contract period (24) Payments of the extra work (25) Fencing, watching and lighting (26) Method of measurement of completed works (27) Bankruptcy of contractor (28) Maintenance (29) Site clearance on completion of the works (30) Clerk of works (31) Protection of trees and shrubs (32) Water for construction |
|
| 4-7 | Conditions of contract in outlines |
| (1) Inspection and testing of materials (2) Facilities for other contractors (3) Time limit and rate of progress (4) Nominated sub-contractors (5) Sanitary arrangements (6) Insurance of works, materials, construction plant, etc. (7) Damage to persons or property (8) Use of intoxicants (9) Work at night or on holidays (10) Services required for the contractor’s purposes (11) Temporary works (12) Prevention of nuisance (13) Pollution of streams (14) Controlled materials (15) Documents mutually explanatory (16) First aid |
|
| Practical Questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
| 5-1 | General |
| 5-2 | Definition |
| 5-3 | Arbitrator and referee |
| 5-4 | Matters for reference to arbitration |
| 5-5 | Kinds of arbitration |
| (1) Arbitration without intervention of a court (2) Arbitration with intervention of a court where there is no suit pending (3) Arbitration in suits |
|
| 5-6 | Arbitrator |
| 5-7 | Sole arbitrator, joint arbitrators and umpires |
| 5-8 | Powers of an arbitrator |
| (1) To administer oath (2) To refer for opinion of the court (3) To declare award (4) To correct clerical errors (5) To administer interrogatories |
|
| 5-9 | Scope of umpire’s authority |
| 5-10 | Disabilities of an arbitrator |
| 5-11 | Arbitration agreement |
| 5-12 | Revocation of arbitration agreement |
| 5-13 | Power of court to appoint arbitrator or umpire |
| 5-14 | Process of arbitration |
| 5-15 | Award by an arbitrator |
| (1) Requirements of a valid award (2) Powers of court to modify award (3) Grounds for setting aside award |
|
| 5-16 | Conditions favourable for arbitration |
| 5-17 | Advantages of arbitration |
| 5-18 | QDR methodology |
| Practical Questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
| 6-1 | General |
| 6-2 | Stores |
(1) Receipts (2) Fictitious adjustments (3) Accounting procedure of stores (4) Suspense heads (5) Suspense sub-heads (6) Classes of stores (7) Reserve limit of stock (8) Issue rate (9) Sub-heads of stock (10) Storage rate (11) Supervision charges (12) Market rate (13) Indent (14) Stock taking (15) Quantity accounts (16) Value accounts (17) Stock account (18) Bin card (19) Road metal (20) Tools and plants (21) Rate contract (22) Survey reports (23) Sale account (24) Difference between accounts of ‘Stock’ and ‘Tools and Plants’ |
|
| 6-3 | Issue notes |
| 6-4 | Vouchers |
| 6-5 | Hand receipts |
| 6-6 | Unstamped receipts |
| 6-7 | Receipt of money |
| 6-8 | Work-abstract |
| 6-9 | Register of works |
| 6-10 | Appropriation and re-appropriation |
| 6-11 | Materials at site accounts |
| (1) Proper records (2) Physical verification (3) Surplus materials |
|
| 6-12 | Capital works and repair works |
| 6-13 | Administrative approval and technical sanction |
| (1) Initiative by the R. & B. D. (2) Modification (3) Petty works (4) Works of public interest (5) Works of R. & B. D. |
|
| 6-14 | Measurement book |
| (1) Entries (2) Payment (3) Standard measurement book (4) Miscellaneous |
|
| 6-15 | Muster roll |
| 6-16 | Completion report |
| 6-17 | Imprest |
| (1) Limitations of use (2) Record (3) Recoupment (4) Safety of imprest cash |
|
| 6-18 | Daily report |
| 6-19 | Deposit works |
| 6-20 | Advance payments |
| 6-21 | Work-charged establishment |
| 6-22 | Revised and supplementary estimates |
| 6-23 | Annual repair estimate |
| 6-24 | Inventory |
| 6-25 | Work-slip and work-abstract |
| Practical questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
Chapter 7: CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AND PLANNING
| 7-1 | General |
| 7-2 | Need for construction management |
| (1) Co-ordination between different agencies (2) Development of manpower and machinery (3) Economy in construction (4) Speed of construction (5) Quality control of materials and workmanship |
|
| 7-3 | Scope of construction management |
| 7-4. | Factors affecting construction management and planning |
| (1) Time (2) Skilled and unskilled Manpower (3) Machinery (4) Materials (5) Money |
|
| 7-5 | Methods for planning construction activity |
| 7-5-1 | Gantt bar charts |
| Advantages of Gantt bar chart | |
| Limitations of a Gantt bar chart | |
| 7-5-2 | Network technique |
| Features of network planning | |
| Rules for network diagram | |
| (A) | Critical Path Method (CPM) |
|
(1) Project breakdown |
|
| (B) | Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) |
| 7-5-3 | Time-grid diagram |
| (1) Utility of the Time–grid diagram (2) Advantages of the Time-grid diagram |
|
| 7-5-4 | Mile–stone charts |
| 7-6. | Resources planning |
| 7-5-4 | Mile–stone charts |
| 7-6 | Resources planning |
| 7-7 | Resource allocation |
| 7-8 | Resource levelling |
| 7-9 | Job layout of construction Site |
| (1) Availability of resources (2) Location of project (3) Medical facilities (4) Method of execution (5) Nature of project (6) Services (7) Welfare facilities |
|
| 7-10 | Storage of materials |
| (1) Cement (2) Formwork (3) Inflammable materials (4) Plant and machinery (5) Ready articles (6) Steel |
|
| 7-11 | Stock control |
| (1) ABC analysis (2) VED analysis |
|
| 7-12 | Stages of material management |
| (1) Register of reputed suppliers (2) Quantities of materials (3) Preparing the supply schedule (4) Attaching priorities (5) Initiating purchase formalities (6) Placing of orders (7) Inspection (8) Acceptance and issue (9) Use of network schedule |
|
| 7-13 | Inventory control |
| 7-14 | Disposal of surplus materials |
| Practical Questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
Part II : ESTIMATING AND COSTING IN PRACTICE
| 8-1 | Definition |
| 8-2 | Purposes of rate analysis |
| 8-3 | Factors affecting the rate analysis |
| (1) Major factors (2) Minor factors |
|
8-4 |
Importance of rate analysis Essentials of rate analysis Schedule of rates Standard costing Task work per day Rates of materials and labour Rate analyses of typical items |
| Practical Questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
Chapter 9: taking ouT Quantities
9-1 |
General Meaning of the term Essentials of an estimator Requirements of an estimator Methods of taking out quantities (1) English method (2) P.W.D. method |
| 9-6 9-7 |
Units of measurements Modes and units of measurement for different types of trades |
| (1) Preliminaries (2) Excavation (3) Concrete (4) Brickwork (5) Stonework (6) Woodwork (7) Plastering (8) Pointing (9) Steelwork (10) Roof coverings (11) Floor finishes (12) Whitewashing, colour-washing and distempering (13) Painting (14) Water supply connections (15) Drainage connections (16) Road-work |
|
9-8 |
General rules for measurements Degree of accuracy Rates for some typical items Quantity survey Spot items Prime cost and provisional sums Provisional quantities Daywork Accompaniments of an estimate Financial implications Cost planning Uses of an estimate |
8-4 |
Importance of rate analysis Essentials of rate analysis Schedule of rates Standard costing Task work per day Rates of materials and labour Rate analyses of typical items Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
Chapter 10: ESTIMATES OF VARIOUS TYPES OF BUILDINGS
10-1 10-10 |
General Estimate of simple steps Estimate of corner steps Estimate of a shop Estimate of a servant’s quarter Estimate of a sanitary block for a factory building Estimate of a single storeyed residential building: (with Drawing room, Dining room, Bed room, Kitchen and a Toilet) Estimate of a single storeyed residential building: (with drawing room, Bed room and a Kitchen) Estimate of a single storeyed residential building: (with Two bed rooms, Drawing room, Kitchen, Bath-w.c. and a Verandah) Estimate of a residential building: (with Drawing room, Bed room, Dining cum Living room, Kitchen, Passage, Bath-w.c., Stair and A Stair-cabin, Verandah) |
| 10-11 10-12 10-13 |
Estimate of a children’s library Estimate of a compound wall Estimate of a ginning factory Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
Chapter 11: estimates of different R.C.C. Structures
and their formwork
11-1 |
General 373 Estimate of R.C.C. column and its footing in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of R.C.C. beam in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of R.C.C. beam in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of R.C.C. Weathershed with lintel for 1.20 m wide window in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of R.C.C. Slab in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of R.C.C. Floor in proportion (1:1.5:3) Estimate of formwork for R.C.C. works Estimate of R.C.C. retaining wall Estimate of a shed for cycles |
| Practical Questions | |
| Questions Top>> |
Chapter 12: Estimates of Different types of Roofs and steel structures
12-1 |
General Estimate of a roof with corrugated galvanized iron sheets Estimate of a welded steel roof truss Estimate of a steel stanchion with grillage foundation |
| Questions Top>> |
Chapter 13: estimates of water supply and sanitary works
13-1 |
General Estimate of an underground storage tank (Only in bricks) Estimate of brick cum R.C.C. type underground water storage tank Estimate of an overhead R.C.C. water storage tank Septic tanks |
|
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Constructional features Design aspects Construction of septik tank Disposal of effluent Advantages Disadvantages |
|
| 13-6 13-7 13-8 13-9 13-10 |
Design of a septik tank and a soak well Design of a septik tank and a soak well Estimate of a septic tank with soak well Estimate of a Septik tank Estimate of a septik tank with three compartments |
|
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Chapter 14: estimates of bridges, culverts and piers
14-1 |
General Estimate of a pier Estimate of a railway culvert Estimate of a hume pipe culvert Estimate of a hume Pipe culvert Estimate of a pipe culvert Estimate of a slab culvert Estimate of a road bridge Estimate of a splayed wing wall |
| Practical Questions Questions Top>> |
Chapter 15: estimates of irrigation works
15-1 |
General Estimate of a cushion type fall Estimate of a canal fall Estimate of a hume pipe head regulator Estimate of an earthen dam |
| Practical Questions Top>> |
Chapter 16: estimates of road works
16-1 |
General | |
| (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Level section Two-level section Side hill two-level section Mid-sectional area method Mean-sectional area method Trapezoidal formula Prismoidal formula Spot levels |
|
| 16-2 16-3 16-4 16-5 16-6 16-7 16-8 16-9 16-10 16-11 16-12 16-13 |
Estimate of Earthwork of a road in cutting Estimate of Earthwork of a road partly in cutting and partly in embankment Estimate of Earthwork of a road in plain Estimate of earthwork for a road using mid-sectional area method Estimate of earthwork for a road using mid-sectional area and mean sectional area method Estimate of earthwork for a road using mid-sectional area method Estimate of earthwork for a road using prismoidal formula Estimate of earthwork for a road using trapezoidal formula Estimate of earthwork for a small pond Estimate of earthwork for a road partly in cutting and partly in filling Estimate of earthwork of a road in embankment Estimate of earthwork of a curved road in embankment |
|
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Part III : VALUATION
17-1 |
General Doctrine of estate |
|
| (1) (2) |
Free tenure Unfree tenure |
|
| 17-3 17-4 17-5 17-6 17-7 17-8 |
Cost, price and value Cost Price Value Concept of the term value Purposes of valuation |
|
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) |
Betterment charges Balance-sheet Buying and selling of the properties Compulsory acquisition Court fees Insurance Reinstatement Rent determination Security of loans Taxation |
|
| 17-9 | Different forms of value | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) |
Accommodation value Annual value Book value Distress value Market value Monopoly value Potential value Replacement value Salvage value Scrap value Sentimental value Speculative value |
|
| 17-10 | Occupation value and investment value | |
| (1) (2) (3) |
Government Acts Intensity of demand Trade conditions |
|
| 17-11 | Factors affecting changes in market value | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) |
Changes in building technology Changes in fashion and taste Changes in proportion of single people to married people Changes in quality of area Changes in the age distribution of the population Designs of property Means of communication Migration tendencies Money supply Planning control Population strength Unstable time |
|
| 17-12. | Role of the valuer | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) |
Acknowledgment of market conditions Competency Cost of outgoings Effect of statutes General experience Knowledge of building costs Legal complications Specialized buildings Value and cost |
|
| 17-13 | New horizons of valuation | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) |
Environment Neighbourhood Rapid transit system Time sharing premises |
|
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Chapter 18: Investment in real property
| 18-1 | Characteristics of land | |
| 18-2 | Investment | |
| 18-3 | Investment opportunities | |
(1) |
Articles for use Gilt-edged securities National savings certificates Local authority loans Insurance Fixed deposits in banks Company deposits Public provident fund Capital investment bonds IDBI bonds Mutual fund schemes Units of the Unit Trust of India Convertible debentures Shares Real property as an investment |
|
| 18-4 | Characteristics of ideal investment | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Capital appreciation prospects Costs of purchase and sale Divisibility of holdings Ease of purchase and sale Security of income Security of capital |
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| 18-5 | Interest on capital | |
| 18-6 | Nature of real property | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) |
Amount of investment Central market Clearance of title Government action Heterogeneity Influence on yields Joint ownership Physical inspection Durability Source of income |
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| 18-7 | Estate brokers | |
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Chapter 19: INTERESTS IN REAL PROPERTY
| 19-1 | Types of interests | |
| 19-2 | Freehold interests | |
| (1) (2) |
Law of the land Right of others |
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| 19-3 | Leasehold interests | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Reasons for creating leasehold interest Nature of leasehold interest Renewal and extension of leases Theory of sinking fund Lessor and lessee Forms of lease |
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| 19-4 | Lease and license | |
| 19-5 | Mortgage | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) |
Amount of loan Insurance Leasehold property Period of loan Remedies to recover loan Subsequent mortgages Third party guarantee Types of mortgage lenders Valuation |
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| 19-6 | Equitable mortgage and legal mortgage | |
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Chapter 20: METHODS OF VALUATION
| 20-1 | Methods of valuation | |
| 20-2 | Methods of valuation for open lands | |
| (1) (2) (3) |
Comparative method Abstractive method Belting method |
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| 20-3 | Methods of valuation for ands with buildings | |
(1)
(2)
|
Rental method Direct comparisons of the capital value |
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| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
| 21-1 | Definition | |
| 21-2 | Usual types of outgoings | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) |
Municipal taxes Government taxes Annual repairs and maintenance Management and collection Insurance Vacancies and bad debts Sinking fund Miscellaneous |
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| 21-3 | Gross income and net income | |
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
| 22-1 | Meaning of the term | |
| 22-2 | Depreciation as cost in operation | |
| 22-3 | Depreciation as decrease in worth | |
| 22-4 | Physical conditions | |
| 22-5 | Functional obsolescence | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Inadequacy or over-adequacy Lacking in utility Obsolete necessities Outmoded design Out of the way or odd design |
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| 22-6. | Economic obsolescence | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) |
Changes in character and use Changes in laws Nearness to nuisances Over supply Social changes |
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| 22-7 | Methods for estimating cost depreciation | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) |
Straight-line method Constant percentage method Quantity survey method Sinking fund method Sum of the digits method Unit cost method |
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| 22-8 | Cost depreciation and value depreciation | |
| 22-9 | Reproduction cost and replacement cost | |
| 22-10 | Depreciation and depletion | |
| 22-11 | Conclusion | |
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
| 23-1 | Valuation tables | |
TABLE I TABLE IV
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To find the amount to which Re. 1/- will accumulate at the end of a given term at compound interest To find the present value of Re. 1/- receivable at the end of a given term To find the amount to which Re. 1/- per annum invested at the end of each year will accumulate in a given term time at compound interest To find the amount of the annual sinking fund for the redemption of Re. 1/- capital To find the present value of Re. 1/- per annum for a given number of years allowing simple interest on the capital and accumulation of an annual sinking fund To find Y.P. of a reversion to a perpetuity after a given number of years To find the annuity Re. 1/- will purchase on the single rate principle To find the depreciation percentage based on sinking fund method |
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| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
Chapter 24: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
| 24-1 | General | |
| 24-2 | Accommodation land and accommodation works | |
| 24-3 | Amortization | |
| 24-4 | Annuity | |
| 24-5 | Capitalized value | |
| 24-6 | Cost inflation index | |
| 24-7 | Deferred or reversionary land value | |
| 24-8 | Dilapidations | |
| 24-9 | Discounted cash flow | |
| (1) (2) |
Net present value method Internal rate of returnmethod |
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| 24-10 | Encumbrance factor | |
| 24-11 | Floating F.S.I. | |
| 24-12 | Life of structures | |
| 24-13 | Mesne profit | |
| 24-14 | Mobilization fund | |
| 24-15 | Rate of interest | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) |
Money and banking Bank rate Shops Offices Factories and warehouses Residential properties Agricultural properties |
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| 24-16 | Rating | |
| (1) (2) |
Principle of Communibus Annis Principle of Rebus Sic Stantibus |
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| 24-17 | Records of rights | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) |
Category of land Classification of land Encumbered land Holder of land Land under acquisition or reservation Nature of holding Occupant of land Period of validity Restriction on transfer |
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| 24-18 | Rent fixation | |
| 24-19 | Year’s purchase | |
| Single rate and dual rate for Y.P. | ||
| Practical Questions | ||
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||
| 25-1 | General | |
| 25-2 | Definition | |
| 25-3 | Essential characteristics of easements | |
| 25-4 | Creation of easements | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) |
By grant By necessity By quasi-necessity By prescription By lost grant presumed from immemorial user By custom By transfer of dominant heritage By legislation By the operation of the doctrine of acquiescence |
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| 25-5 | Extinguishment of easements | |
| (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12 |
By dissolution of right of servient owner By release By revocation By expiration of period By happening of event By end of necessity By easement becoming useless By destruction of either heritage By permanent change in servient heritage due to superior force By destruction of either heritage By unity of ownership By total non-enjoyment |
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| 25-6 | Easements and natural rights | |
| 25-7 | Effect on valuation due to easement | |
| APPENDIX | ||
| APPENDIX I | MODE OF MEASURMENT OF BUILDING WORK (BASED ON IS:1200 REVISED) | |
| APPENDIX II | TASK WORK PER DAY | |
| APPENDIX III | LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY OF TRUCK AND CALCULATION OF MATERIALS | |
| APPENDIX IV | QUANTITY OF STEEL REQUIRED FOR R.C.C. ITEMS | |
| APPENDIX V | TYPICAL PROJECT | |
| Questions | ||
| Practical Questions Top>> | ||