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RAILWAY ENGINEERING by S. C. Rangwala Revised and Enlarged by K. S. Rangwala and P. S. Rangwala

The topics of the subject are covered in 22 well-arranged chapters; therein it now contains:

* 226 *   24 *   23 * 353

Self-explanatory and neatly drawn diagrams Useful tables Solved illustrative problems Questions at the end of the chapters.

The salient features of the book are:

* Comprehensive presentation
* Clear exposition and brief description
* Step-by-step treatment
* Simple, lucid and easy language.

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Chapter 1   : INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2   : RAILWAY SURVEYS

Chapter 3   : TRAIN RESISTANCES AND ROLLING STOCK

Chapter 4   : RAIL GAUGES

Chapter 5   : RAILS

Chapter 6   : RAIL FASTENINGS

Chapter 7   : SLEEPERS

Chapter 8   : BALLAST

Chapter 9   : PLATE-LAYING

Chapter 10 : MAINTENANCE

Chapter 11 : CREEP

Chapter 12 : CURYATURE OF TRACK

Chapter 13 : STATIONS AND YARDS

Chapter 14 : STATION MACHINERY

Chapter 15 : POINTS AND CROSSINGS

Chapter 16 : COMBINATIONS OF POINTS AND CROSSINGS

Chapter 17 : SIGNALLING

Chapter 18 : INTERLOCKING

Chapter 19 : RAILWAY TRACTION

Chapter 20 : EARTHWORK AND DRAINAGE

Chapter 21 : TUNNELLING

Chapter 22 : MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

APPENDICIES

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Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION

Brief history of railways Future of railways
	Characteristics of railways Advantages of railways Trends in modern railways
Trains of tomorrow Indian railways Summary Questions Top>>

Chapter 2 : RAILWAY SURVEYS

Reasons for laying a new railway line
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)	Strategic consideration Linking of trade centres Connecting port with the interior of the country Shortening existing route Laying of a branch line Undeveloped area
Factors influencing the proposed route Railway surveys
I	Reconnaissance survey
		Objects of reconnaissance survey Importance of reconnaissance survey Information gathered in reconnaissance survey Factors to be kept in view during reconnaissance survey Instruments for reconnaissance survey
II	Preliminery survey
		Object of priliminery survey Importance of preliminery survey Work of priliminery survey Instruments for priliminery survey
III	Location survey
		Object of location survey Importance of location survey Work of location survey Instruments for location survey
Project report and drawings Construction of new lines Questions Top>>

Chapter 3 : TRAIN RESISTANCES AND ROLLING STOCK

Train resistances
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Resistance due to friction and wave action Resistance due to curves Resistance due to gradients Resistance due to speed of the train
Rollingstock
I	Locomotives
		Essential parts of a locomotive Design of locomotive Classification Power of locomotive
II	Coaches
		Earlier coaches Moderncoaches Double decker coaches
III	Wagons
	(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)	Timber truck wagon Cattle wagon Oil tank wagon Petrol tank wagon Hopper wagon Powder wagon Well wagon Refrigerated wagon Special wagons
Train-brakes
(1) (2)	Compressed air brakes Vacuum brakes
Dynamometer car Questions Top>>

Chapter 4 : RAIL GAUGES

Definition of gauge of track Gauges in different countries
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Traffic condition Development of poor areas Cost of track Speed of movement Nature of country
Uniformity in gauges
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)	Difficulties to passengers Difficulties for sending goods Inefficient use of rolling stock Difficulty in war Equipment at station Hindrance for future conversion
Unigauge project of Indian railways Loading gauge and construction gauge Questions Top>>

Chapter 5 : RAILS

Permanent way and its requirements Functions of rails Requirements of an ideal rail Types of rails
(1) (2) (3)	Double headed rails Bull headed rails Flat footed rails
Steel for rails Weight and section of rails Marking on rails Corrugated or roaring rails
	Meaning Causes Occurrence Effects Types Peculiar properties Remedy
Corrosion of rails Length of rail Welding of rails
	Theory Purposes Advantages of welding of rails Methods of welding
Wear of rails
(1) (2) (3)	Wear of rails on top or head of rail Wear of rails at ends of rails Wear of rail on the sides of the head of rail
Methods adopted to reduce wear of rails
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)	Use of special alloy steel Good maintenance of track Reduction of expansion gap Exchange of inner and outer rails on curves Introducing check rails Use of lubricating oil Head hardened rails
Measuring wear of rails Renewal of rails
	Wear of rails Use of heavier locomotives Construction of branch lines Bending of rails
Failure of rails
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Crushed head Transverse fissure Split head Horizontal fissure Square or angular brakes
Coning of wheels Hogged rails Buckling Questions Top>>

Chapter 6 : RAIL FASTENINGS

Rail joints Avoidance of rail joints Types of rail joints
(1) (2)	Types according to position of joints Types according to position of sleepers
Requirements of an ideal fastening Fastenings for rails
I	Fish-plates
		Purpose Design Detailes Compound or junction fish-plates Failure of fish-plates
II	Spikes, fang-bolts and hook-bolts
		Spikes
			Purpose of spikes Requirements of good spike Types of spike
		Fang-bolts Hook-bolts
III IV	Chairs and keys Bearing-plates
Questions  Top>>

Chapter 7 : SLEEPERS

Functions of sleepers Types of sleepers
I II	Longitudinal sleepers Transverse sleepers
Requirements of an ideal material for sleeper Materials for cross-sleepers
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Timber or wooden sleepers Steel sleepers Cast-iron sleepers Concrete sleepers
Sleeperdensity Questions Top>>

Chapter 8 : BALLAST

Functions of ballast Requirements of an ideal material for ballast Materials used as ballast
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)	Broken stone Gravel Ashes of cinders Sand Kankar Moorum Brickbats Selected earth
Size and quantity of ballast Screening of ballast Questions  Top>>

Chapter 9 : PLATE-LAYING

Meaning of the term Methods of plate-laying
I II III	Tram line or side method Telescopic method American method
Materials required per unit length of track Ballast trains Relaying of track Questions Top>>

Chapter 10 : MAINTENANCE

General Necessity for maintenance of track
I	Maintenance of track proper
		Duties of a gangmate or a ganger Duties of a keyman Duties of a permanent way inspector (P.W.I.)
		(1) (2) (3)	Blowing joints High joints Pumping joints
II III	Maintenance of railway bridges Maintenance of rolling stock
Accidents Signalling during maintenance Estimating speed of a running train
(1) (2)	Counting the rail joints passed Counting the telegraph posts
Speed restriction Tools required during maintenance Packing Rail inspection Track inspection Maintenance and boxing of ballast Track imprest Trackwork for high speeds Speeds on the Indian railways Emergency measures
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)	Diversions Ash or selected earth Temporary supports Scouring Wagons with rubble Breadown vans
Questions Top>>

Chapter 11 : CREEP

Definition Causes of creep
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Brakes Wave action or wave theory Percussion theory Changes in temperature
Factors determining magnitude of creep
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Alignment of track Gradient of track Direction of motion of trains Embankments Weight and type of rail
Results of creep Method of measuring the creep Methods of correcting the creep
(1) (2) (3)	Pulling back of rails method Use of creep anchors Use of steel sleepers
Questions Top>>

Chapter 12 : CURYATURE OF TRACK

Objections to curvature of track Designation of a curve Types of curves and limiting radius or degree of curvature Transition curves
	Requirements of transition curve Forms of transition curve Length of transition curve Shift
Super-elevation or cant Factors affecting super-elevation
	Frictional resistance Coning of wheels Body of the vehicle Weighted average
Speed of trains on curves Deficiency in super-elevation Grade compensation on curves Bending of rails on curves Cutting of rails on curves Widening gauge on curves Spirals Switch-backs Rack railways String-Iining of curves Questions Top>>

Chapter 13 : STATIONS AND YARDS

General Definition of a station Purposes of a railway station Selection of site for a railway station Features of a railway station
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Public requirements Traffic requirements Requirement of locomotive department General requirements
Types of stations
(1) (2) (3)	Wayside stations Junctions Terminals
Platforms
(1) (2)	Passenger platforms Goods platforms
Staff quarters Goods traffic at wayside stations Catch sidings Definition of a yard Types of yards
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Passenger yards Goods yards Marshalling yards Locomotive yards
Level-crossing
	Process of classification of level-crossings
Questions Top>>

Chapter 14 : STATION MACHINERY

Meaning of the term Engine sheds
(1) (2)	Rectangular type engine shade Circular type engine shade
Ash-pits, ash-pans and examination pits Drop pits Water columns Triangles Turntables Traversers Cranes Weigh-bridges Scotch blocks Bufferstops Derailing switch or trap switch Sand hump on snag dead-end Cow catcher Questions Top>>

Chapter 15 : POINTS AND CROSSINGS

Purpose for providing points and crossings Some definitions Sleepers laid for points and crossings
(1) (2)	Through sleepers Interlaced sleepers
Steel for points and crossings Switches
(1) (2)	Stub switch Split switch
Shapes of switches
(1) (2) (3)	Undercut switches Straight cut switches Over-riding switches or composite switches
Lengths of stock rails and tongue rails Heel divergence or heel clearance Switch angle Throw of switch Crossings Types of crossings
(1) (2)	Ordinary or acute crossing Double or obtuse crossing
Theoretical nose of crossing and actual nose of crossing Crossing clearance Crossing number Crossing angle
(1) (2) (3)	Right angle or cole's method Centre-line method Isosceles triangle method
Different types of leads and their calculations Laying of points and crossings Maintenance of points and crossings Questions Top>>

Chapter 16 : COMBINATIONS OF POINTS AND CROSSINGS

General
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)	Cross-overs Scissors cross-over Slips Fixed point Three throws Tandems or double turnouts Gathering lines or ladder tracks Gauntlet tracks Double junctions
Questions Top>>

Chapter 17 : SIGNALLING

General Objects of signalling Types of signals
(1)	Classification according to function
	(a) (b) (c) (d)	Stock signals or semaphore type signals Warner signals Disc or ground signals Coloured light signals
(2)	Classification according to location
	(a) (b) (c) (d)	Outer signal Home signal Starter signal Advance starter signal
(3)	Special signals
	(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)	Routing signals Repeating signals Co-acting signals Calling-on signals Indicators Miscelleneous signals
Typical layouts Control of movements of trains
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Following trains system Absolute block system Automatic signalling Pilot guard system Centralized traffic control system
Telecommunication Compensators Fouling marks Track capacity Electrification on the Indian railways Questions Top>>

Chapter 18 : INTERLOCKING

Definition Essential principles of interlocking Methods of interlocking
(1) (2) (3)	Tappets and locks system Key system Route relay system
Slotting of signals
	Meaning of the term
		Principles Purposes Methods
Detectors Point lock and treadle or lock bar Interlocking of level-crossings Interlocking standards Improvements in interlocking and signalling Questions Top>>

Chapter 19 : RAILWAY TRACTION

Tractive effort of a locomotive Track stresses
	Elastic theory Procedure for determining track stresses
Questions Top>>

Chapter 20 : EARTHWORK AND DRAINAGE

General Usual forms of cross-sections Features of railroad bed level
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Width of formation Slopes of sides Drains Method of construction
Drainage
	Action of water Importance of drainage Requirments of drainage system
Stabilization of track on poor soil
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Layer or blanket of moorum or sand Cement grouting Sand piles Use of chemicals By providing capillary break or cut-off
Questions Top>>

Chapter 21 : TUNNELLING

General Definition of a tunnel Tunnelling through rock
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Full face method Heading and bench system Cantilever car dump method Drift system Pilot tunnel method
Tunnelling through soft ground
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)	Forepolliing method Needle beam method Five-peice set method Liner plates method Other methods
Methods of tunnelling through sub-acqueous strata
(1) (2)	Shield tunnelling Plenum process or compressed air tunnelling
Drainage of tunnels
(1) (2) (3)	Sumps and pumps Grounting Pilot tunnel
Ventilation of tunnels Lighting Shafts
(1) (2) (3)	Drilling Raising Gloryholing
Mucking Hauling Lining of tunnels Size and shape of tunnels Underground railways
	Calcutta Metro
Tube railways Maintenance of railway tunnels Questions Top>>

Chapter 22 : MATERIALS MANAGEMENT

Meaning of the term Necessity in railways Stores Purchasing department Store keeping Stock control
(1) (2)	ABC analysis VED analysis
Spare parts management
(1) (2) (3) (4)	Classification Codiffication Initial provisioning Selective control
Importance Questions Top>>

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX I	:	Units of Indian railways
		1 2 3 4 5 6 7	Chittaranjan Locomotive Works Integral Coach Factory Diesel Locomotive Works Rail Coach Factory (RCF). Kapurthala Research, Designs and Standards Organization Rail India Technical and Economic Services Limited Indian Railway Construction Co. Ltd
APPENDIX II	:	Training institutions of the Indian railways
		1 2 3 4 5	The Railway Staff College, Baroda Indian Railways Institute of Advanced Track Technology, Poona Indian Railways Institute of Signal Engineering and Tele-communications (IRISET), Secunderabad Indian Railways Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Jamalpur Institute for Signal and Civil Engineering Officers at South Lallaguda, Secunderabad Top>>