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BRIDGE
ENGINEERING
by
S. C. Rangwala
Revised and Enlarged by
K. S. Rangwala
and P. S. Rangwala

The book aims at presenting the topics of Bridge Engineering expressed in simple and lucid language.

The presentation is comprehensive and methodical as well as interesting and easy to follow.

The book is copiously illustrated with

* 116
*   18
* 200
Self-explanatory and neat diagrams
Useful tables and more than,
Questions at the end of the chapters.
It is hoped that this book will be useful to the Civil Engineering students preparing for Degree Examinations of all the Indian Universities, Diploma Examinations of various Boards of Technical Education, Certificate Courses, as well as for the A.M.I.E. and U.P.S.C. Examinations. It will be also useful to acquire basic knowledge of the subject for practising Civil Engineers.
Price : Rs. 65-00 $ 10-00 £ 15-00
Edition : Eleventh Edition : 2009
ISBN : 978-81-85594-88-0
Book Size : 135 mm × 210 mm
Binding : Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover
Pages : 232 + 12

CONTENTS

Chapter 1   : INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2   : FOUNDATIONS

Chapter 3   : SUBSTRUCTURES

Chapter 4   : FIXED-SPAN SUPERSTRUCTURES

Chapter 5   : MOVABLE-SPAN SUPERSTRUCTURES

Chapter 6   : CULVERTS

Chapter 7   : FLOORING

Chapter 8   : LOADING ON BRIDGES

Chapter 9   : TEMPORARY BRIDGES

Chapter 10 : BEARINGS

Chapter 11 : MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
DETAILED CONTENTS

Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION

General
Development of bridges
Changing scenario in design and construction of bridges
Classification of bridges
Importance of bridges
Identification of bridges
Preliminary data to be collected

Selection of bridge site
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Connection with roads
Firm embankments
Foundations
Materials and labour
Right-angle crossing
Straight stretch of river
Velocity of flow
Width of river
Stages of investigation
I
II
III
Reconnaissance of technical feasibility stage
Preliminary or techni-economic feasibility stage
Detailed survey and project report stage
Alignment 
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Alignment on curve
Control of highest flood level
Effects of silting and scouring
Layout of approaches
River training works
Skew bridges
Traffic requirements of highway bridges 
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Alignment
Central verge
Footpath
Lighting
Parapets and handrails
Roadway width
Safety kerbs
Sight distance
Waterway of a bridge
Maximum flood discharge
(1)
(2)
Direct method
Indirect method
        Number of spans
Preliminary and final project drawings
Choice of bridge type
Questions

Chapter 2 : FOUNDATIONS

General
Essential requirements of a good foundation
(1)
(2)
(3)
Location
Stability
Settlement
General principles of design of bridge foundations
(1)
(2)
(3)
Bearing capacity of soil
Frictional resistance
Scour
Subsoil exploration
Testing of soil samples
Types of foundations
(1)
(2)
Spread foundations
Pile foundations
  Design steps for precast R.C.C. piles
(3) Caissons
Cofferdams
Questions

Chapter 3 : SUBSTRUCTURES

General
I  Abutments
  Definition
Functions
Types
Forces acting on an abutment
Conditions of stability
Dimensions
II Piers
  Definition
Function
Types
Forces acting on a pier
Conditions of stability
Dimensions
Location
Abutment pier
III Wing walls
  Definition
Function
Types
Forces acting on a wing wall
Conditions of stability
Dimensions
Precautions
Setting out for piers and abutments
Materials for substructures
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cement concrete
masonry
Steel
Bridge inspection
Questions

Chapter 4 : FIXED-SPAN SUPERSTRUCTURES

General
I Simple bridges
(1)
(2)
(3)
Deck bridges
Through bridges
Semi-through bridges
II Continuous bridges
(1)
(2)
Facilities for erection
Hard soil
III
IV
Cantilever bridges
Arch bridges
  Classification of arches
Advantages
Disadvantages
V
VI
VII
VIII
Bow-string girder type bridges
Rigid frame bridges
Suspension bridges
Cable-stayed bridges
Role of cable sheath in cable-stayed bridge
Materials for superstructures
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Cement concrete
Masonry
Steel
Timber
Composite bridges
Questions

Chapter 5 : MOVABLE-SPAN SUPERSTRUCTURES

General
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
Bascule bridges
Cut-boat bridges
Flying bridges
Lift bridges
Swing bridges
Transporter bridges
Traversing bridges
Questions

Chapter 6 : CULVERTS

Definition
Waterway of a culvert
Types of culverts
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Arch culverts
Box culverts
Pipe culverts
Slabe culverts
Scuppers
Causeways
Questions

Chapter 7 : FLOORING

General
Factors affecting the choice of flooring material
Requirements of a good flooring material
Types of floors
(1)
(2)
Open floors
Solid floors
Flooring materials
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Jack arch
Mild steel buckle plates
Mild steel plates
Mild steel troughs
Reinforced cement concrete
Timber
Drainage of floors
Questions

Chapter 8 : LOADING ON BRIDGES

General
I
II
Buoyancy pressure
Centrifugal forces
(1)
(2)
Road bridges
Railway bridges
III Dead load
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Unwin's formula
American formula for plate girders
American formula for trusses
R.C.C. arches
R.C.C. slab bridges upto 6 m span
R.C.C. slab and T beam bridges
IV
V
VI
VII
Deformation stresses
Earth pressure
Erection stresses
Impact load
  For road bridges
For railway bridges
VIII Live load
  For road bridges
For railway bridges
IX Longitudinal forces
  For road bridges
For railway bridges
X
XI
XII
XIII
XIV
Secondary stresses
Seismic load
Temperature variation forces
Water pressure
Wind load
  For road bridges
For railway bridges
Design of bridge foundations
Questions

Chapter 9 : TEMPORARY BRIDGES

Definition
Materials used
Fastenings used
Types
I Bridges with intermediate supports
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Crates
Cribs
Pile bents
Trestles
II Bridges without intermediate supports
(1)
(2)
(3)
Cantilevers
Suspension bridges
Trusses
III Floating bridges
(1)
(2)
(3)
Boat bridges
Pontoon bridges
Raft bridges
Questions

Chapter 10 : BEARINGS

Definition
Purposes
Importance of bearings
Free and fixed bearings
Types of bearings
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

(7)
(8)
(9)
Cement mortar pad
Expansion bearing
Knuckle bearing
Rocker and roller bearing
Rocker bearing
Rubber bearing
Sliding bearing
Sole plate on curved bed plate bearing
Tar paper bearing
Materials for bearings
Bed blocks
Maintenance of bearings
Questions

Chapter 11 : MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

General
I Afflux
  Definition
Importance
Height of afflux
II
III
IV
Approaches
Bridge architecture
Clearance and freeboard
  Definition
Necessity
Provisions
V
VI
Combined road and railway bridges
Economic span
  Definition
Theory
Exceptions
VII Erection of steel girders
  Preliminary
Methods
VIII Formwork for arch bridges
  Good features
Types
IX Handrails
(1)
(2)
Panel slab and post system
Post and rail system
X Joints
(1)
(2)
Construction joints
Expansion and contraction joints
XI Maintenance of bridges
(1)
(2)
Detailed inspection
Routine inspection
XII Posting of bridges
(1)
(2)
Load limit postings
Speed postings
XIII
XIV
Rating of existing bridges
Rebuilding bridges
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Damage
Excessive maintenance cost
Obsolescence
Weathering
XV Testing and strengthening of bridges
(1)
(2)
(3)
Correlation method
Load testing
Theoretical method
Strengthening of bridge substructure
Strengthening of bridge superstructure
XVI Training works for bridges
  Objects
Methods
Questions