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COMPUTER
AIDED
DESIGN
by
Dr. S. S. Khandare
This book contains the basics of COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN and provides the solution for software development in various areas of CAD like graphics, transformations, animation and analysis using C-language.

It contains numerical methods and Finite Element Analysis used for the engineering problems. The concept of object oriented programming to Computer Aided Design has been also presented in the book.

The 186 programs using C++ and Java language are included in the various chapters. The application of the Management Information System as an important area of CAD has also been discussed.

The key topics in the book are:

* 2D and 3D Transformations
* Finite Element Technique
* Dynamic Graphics
* Art Designing
* Management Information System (MIS)
* Design of Machine Elements and Optimization
* Object Oriented Programming
* Projects.

The book will be useful to the students studying in the engineering field for the subjects of Computer Aided Design and Computer Graphics. It will also be useful to the Artists, Programmer and Software Engineers who are working on development of softwares related to graphics and animation.
Price : Rs. 325-00 $ 10-00 £ 7-50
Edition : Third Revised and Enlarged Edition : 2001
Book Size : 170 mm × 240 mm
Binding : Paperback with Four Colour Jacket Cover
Pages : 652 + 16
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CONTENTS

Chapter 1 : FUNDAMENTALS OF CAD

Chapter 2 : C-GRAPHICS (With Programs)

Chapter 3 : TWO DIMENSIONAL DRAWING AND TRANSFORMATION (With Programs)

Chapter 4 : THREE DIMENSIONAL DRAWING AND TRANSFORMATION (With Programs)

Chapter 5 : ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS (With Programs)

Chapter 6 : OPTIMIZATION (With Programs)

Chapter 7 : COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING (CADr)

Chapter 8 : GRAPHICS OF DYNAMIC OBJECTS (With Programs)

Chapter 9 : ART DESIGNING AND DRAWINGS (With Programs)

Chapter 10 : FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS (With Programs)

Chapter 11 : OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING (With Programs)

Chapter 12 : NUMERICAL METHODS (With Programs)

Chapter 13 : MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (With Programs)

Chapter 14 : PROJECTS (With Programs)

APPENDICIES
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DETAILED CONTENTS

Chapter 1 : FUNDAMENTALS OF CAD

1-1
1-2 		 Introduction
Reasons for implementing a cad system
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)		 Increase in the productivity of the designer
Improvement in the quality of design
Improves communication
Creates data base for manufacturing
Improves the efficiency of design
1-3
 Computer aided design process
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)		 Identification of problem
Definition of the problem
Synthesis of design
Analysis and optimization
Evaluation
Presentation
1-4  
 Application of cad for design process
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)		 Geometric modelling
Engineering analysis
Design review and evaluation
Automated drafting
Manufacturing database
1-5 Benefits of CAD
  Limitations
1-6
1-6-1		 Hardware of CAD system
Central processing unit
  Functions of CPU
1-6-2
1-6-3
1-6-4 		 Secondary memory
Work station
Graphic display terminal
(1)
(2)
(3) 		Raster scan display technique
Vector display technique
Direct view storage tube display technique
1-6-5 Input unit
(1)
(2)
(3)		 Alphanumeric keyboard
Digitizer
Cursor control devices
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
Joy stick
Tracking ball
Mouse
Light pen
Thumb wheel
1-6-6
1-7
1-7-1
1-7-2
1-8
1-8-1
1-8-2
1-8-3		 Output devices
CAD softwares
Programming
Algorithm
Elements of programming
Program planning
Programming methods
Program testing
(1)
(2)		 Syntax testing
Logical testing
1-8-4 Program documentation
(1)
(2)		 System manual
User manual
1-9 CAD programming
Exercises

Chapter 2 : C-GRAPHICS

2-1 Images on screen
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 Converting images into binary form
Frame buffer
Scan conversion
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-5-1 		Graphic mode
Basic functions of the graphics
Graphic functions
Drawings
Line
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 DDA algorithm
Bresenham’s algorithm
Ready-made functions on line
2-5-2 Curve
(1) Circle

Scan converting a circle
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)		 Circle by polynomial equation
Circle by trigonometric functions
Rotation method
Bresenham’s circle algorithm
(2) Ellipse
(a)
(b)		 Polynomial method
Trigonometry method
(3) Arc
(a)
(b)
(c)		 Trigonometry method
‘Arc’ function
‘Pieslice’ function
(4) Regular or irregular curves
2-5-3 Filling of objects
(1) Flood filling
(i) Filling of box
(a)
(b)		 Drawing lines
Drawing of rectangles
(ii) Filling of the circle
(a)
(b)		 Drawing of lines
Drawing of concentric circles
(2) Boundary filling
(a)
(b)		 Boundary fill algorithm
Readymade functions
2-5-4
2-5-5
2-6
2-6-1
2-6-2		 Type of line
Text
Customized text
Text mode
Textmode functions
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 2-1
Program 2-2
Program 2-3
Program 2-4
Program 2-5
Program 2-6
Program 2-7
Program 2-8
Program 2-9
Program 2-10
Program 2-11
Program 2-12
Program 2-13
Program 2-14
Program 2-15
Program 2-16
Program 2-17
Program 2-18
Program 2-19
Program 2-20
Program 2-21
Program 2-22
Program 2-23
Program 2-24
Program 2-25
Program 2-26
Program 2-27
Program 2-28
Program 2-29
Program 2-30
Program 2-31
Program 2-32
Program 2-33
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 This program highlight the red colour screen present at the particular pixel
Algorithm for line drawing by using DDA
Bresenham’s algorithm for line drawing
This program draws a line from (100,200) pixel to (200,300)
This program draws a rectangle from (50,40) to (100,80) diagonal co-ordinates
This program draws a filled rectangle from (100,150) to (250,300)
This program draws two filled rectangles
This program prepares a staircase by using the rectangle drawn in sequence
This program prepares a 3-dimensional view of a box
Drawing of a hexagon
Drawing of a box
Drawing of triangle
Draw a circle using Bresenham’s algorithm
Algorithm of circle using trigonometric function
Algorithm of a circle using trigonometric function
Algorithm for drawing of a circle using polynomial method
This program draws a circle
This program draws a chain of circles
Program to display concentric circles
Drawing of an ellipse using polynomial method
Drawing of an ellipse using trigonometry method
Program to draw sinewave curve
Fill box with specified color
Program to fill a rectangle by reducing rectangle in size
Filling of circle
Fill circle by drawing concentric circle
Program to fill border
This program draws a dotted line style and prints a statement below the line
Program gettext
Program on cprintf
Program on movetext
Program on textmode
Program on textmode

Chapter 3 : TWO DIMENSIONAL DRAWING AND TRANSFORMATION

3-1
3-2
3-2-1
3-2-2
3-2-3
3-3		 Two dimensional drawing
Two dimensional transformations
Translation
Rotation
Scaling
Matrix representation of transformations
(1)
(2)
(3)		 Scaling
Rotation
Translation
3-4 Representation of transformations in uniform system
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 Translation
Scaling
Rotation
3-5
3-6		 Matrix representation of a line
Composite transformation
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 Rotation of a point about any other point
Rotation of a line about any other point
Scaling of a line about any other point
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16		 Programming procedure for composite transformation
Matrix representation of triangle
Matrix representation of rectangle
Mirror image
Mirror image about any axis
Shearing with twisting
Viewing transformation
Windowing
Clipping
Methods of windowing and clipping
(i)
(ii)		 By use of colour pixels
Cohen Sutherland algorithm
3-17 Convex polygonal clipping windows
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 3-1
Program 3-2
Program 3-3
Program 3-4
Program 3-5
Program 3-6
Program 3-7
Program 3-8

Program 3-9
Program 3-10
Program 3-11
Program 3-12
Program 3-13
Program 3-14
Program 3-15
Program 3-16
Program 3-17
Program 3-18
Program 3-19
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 Prepare a drawing of plate with hole
To prepare a drawing of tapered shaft
Prepare a drawing of V-block
Program to prepare a drawing of bracket
Scaling of a line
Translation of a line
Rotation of line
Composite transformation
Program to scaling, translation, rotate a line about origin
Rotation of line about any other point
Rotation of a triangle
Program to translate and rotate rectangle about origin
Program for mirror image about any line
Program for X shear
Clipping of object by colour pixel method
Cohen Sutherland algorithm
Program for drawing filled circle inside rectangle
Rotation of parallelogram at its centre
Mirror image of scaled rectangle
Rotation of rectangle about its origin

Chapter 4 : THREE DIMENSIONAL DRAWING AND TRANSFORMATION

4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-6-1
4-6-2
4-6-3
4-6-4		 Orthographic projection
Isometric projection
Oblique projection
Perspective projection
Matrix representation of a point in 3D
Transformations in three dimension
Translation
Rotation
Scaling
Mirror
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 X-Y plane
Y-Z plane
Z-X plane
4-7  Geometric modelling
(1)
(2)
(3)		 Wireframe modelling
Surface modelling
Solid modelling
4-8
4-9 		GKS system
Graphic primitive
Polyline
Polymarker
Text
Fill Area
Cell Array
Generalized drawing primitive (GDP)
4-10 Procedure for preparing 3D programs
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 4-1
Program 4-2
Program 4-3
Program 4-4
Program 4-5
Program 4-6
Program 4-7
Program 4-8
Program 4-9
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 Program to draw 3D unfilled box using oblique projection
Write a program to scale a ‘3D’ box using oblique projection
Program to draw 3D view of a stepped shaft using oblique projection
Program to prepare a table using oblique projection
Program to scale, rotate and translate a 3D box using oblique projection
Write a program to scale a 3D box using isometric projection
Write a programe to obtain mirror image of a ‘3D’ box
Program to draw a circle and rotate it using isometric scale
Program to rotate the plate in 3D co-ordinate system using isometric scale

Chapter 5 : ENGINEERING DESIGN ANALYSIS

5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-5-1
5-5-2
5-5-3
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-9-1		 Introduction
Steps in design of machine parts
Software
Design and Analysis
Parameters of computer aided design
Functional requirement
Material group parameter
Geometrical requirement
Procedure for CAD Software
Design of machine elements
Bending moment
Design of shaft
Shaft subjected to bending moment
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)		 Definition of a problem
Variables used
Mathematical modelling
Flow chart
5-9-2
5-9-3
5-9-4
5-9-5
5-9-6
5-9-7
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
 Shaft subjected to twisting moment
Shaft subjected to bending moment and twisting moment
Design of shaft of solid rectangular section
Design of shaft of hollow rectangular section
Design of shaft of channel section
Design of shaft of I-section
Forces in gear drive
Problem on fatigue load
Design of pressure vessel
Design of spring
Selection of standard sizes
Data library
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 5-1
Program 5-2

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Calculate bending moment
A simply supported beam is loaded with uniformly distributed load.
Write a program to compute the shear force and bending moment values
at 10 equidistant points

Program 5-3
Program 5-4
Program 5-5
Program 5-6

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Calculate diameter of dead shaft subjected to bending moment
Program to calculate diameter of shaft
Write a program to calculate diameter of shaft
Program to compute gear forces
Given the diameter of the gear, torque to be transmitted, pressure angle and helix angle. Write a program to compute the gear forces

Program 5-7
Program 5-8

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Program to determine thickness of the plate
A program to calculate diameter of shaft and select the size of shaft for given torque T and ultimate strength from standard sizes of shaft available in market by supplying it through an array
Program 5-9
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Write a program to supply five different materials name, standard sizes and stresses to the program. Calculate the diameter of dead shaft of circular cross-section given bending moment. Select and print the given material and select standard sizes of shaft
Program 5-10
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Design thickness of a pressure vessel of cylindrical type subjected to a maximum pressure and of given diameter. Select the size of sheet from the standard sizes available in market and specially the material if L is the length and the density of pressure vessel, then the weight of pressure vessel sheet should be below W kg. Estimate the volume of material to be stored in the vessel
Program 5-11
Program 5-12
Program 5-13
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Compute the diameter of shaft (material library)
Pressure vessel design
Program on design of a package of cylindrical, spherical and triagular shape by using switch statement
Program 5-14
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Program to supply five different steel material name, standard size and stresses to the program. Calculate diameter of the hollow shaft for given torque and bending moment combined load. Select diameter of material of the shaft whose weight is below X kg. per unit length
Program 5-15 : Design of gear pair

Chapter 6 : OPTIMIZATION

6-1
6-2
6-3		 Introduction
Design synthesis
Category of equations
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 Primary design equation (PDE)
Secondary design equation (SDE)
Limiting design equation (LDE)
6-4 Types of variables
(1)
(2)
(3)		 Functional variables
Constrained / limiting variables
Free variables
6-5
6-6		 Mathematical formulations
Types of problems
(i)
(ii)		 Compatible problem
Incompatible problem
6-7
6-8
6-9		 Normal specification problems
Incompatible problem
Techniques of optimization
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)		 Direct search method
Minima and maxima method
Iteration technique
Graphical method
6-10
6-10-1		 Optimum designs of machine components
Direct search method
(1) Optimum design of solid and hollow shaft
    Objective
Mathematical modelling

(2)

 Optimum design of shaft subjected to bending and torsion

6-10-2

 Minima and maxima method
  Design of cylinder
6-10-3 Iterative search technique
(1) Design of shaft using theories of failure
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)		 Maximum principle stress
Maximum shear stress
Maximum principle strain theory
Maximum total strain energy theory
Distortion energy theory
(2)
(3)
(4)		 Bending moment on uniformly distributed loading
Design for lightest section for bending moment
Fuel economy of vehicles

6-10-4
6-11

 Optimum design problem for two constraint variable
Use of libraries
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 6-1
Program 6-2		 :
:		 Program on design of shaft
Program on the design of shaft subjected to bending moment
and twisting moment

Program 6-3

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Write a program to supply five different material name, standard sizes and stresses and cost per unit length to the program. Calculate the diameter of hollow shaft for given torque and bending moment combined load. Select and print the given material and select standard sizes of shaft whose cost is below X RS

Program 6-4
Program 6-5
Program 6-6
Program 6-7
Program 6-8

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Programme to select a proper section of material for an axel of truck
Design a shaft for minimum deflection
Optimum design of cylinder using minima and maxima method
Program to design a package by using switch statement
Design thickness of a pressure vessel of cylindrical type subjected to a maximum pressure and of given diameter. Select the size of sheet from the standard sizes available in market and specially the material if L is the length and p is density of pressure vessel, then the weight of pressure vessel sheet should be below W kg. Estimate f the volume of material to be stored in the vessel.
(Volume stored , =Pi*D*D*H/4;)
(volume of material =Vm=(Pi*D*H*T + Pi*D*D*T/4))
Program 6-9
Program 6-10
Program 6-11
Program 6-12
Program 6-13
Program 6-14		 :
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Program to calculate minimum value for maximum bending moment
Program to calculate weight of frame for different section
Program on fuel economy of vehicles
Program for minimum angle of twist, redundant specifications
To choose section dimension with minimum weight from
the given number of sections
Program 6-15
Program 6-16
Program 6-17
Program 6-18
Program 6-19 		:
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To compare shaft size with standard sizes in files
Designing the pressure vessel and optimising
Program to design a coil spring
Program to design shaft subjected to twisting load only

Chapter 7 : COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING (CADr)

7-1
7-2
7-3		 Introduction
Drafting packages
AutoCAD Commands
(1) Line
(2) Arc
(3) Circle
(4) Donuts
(5) Rectangle
(6) Polygon
(7) Solid
(8) Ellipse
     Axis end-point
     Arc
     Center
     Isocircle
(9) Point
(10) Block
(11) Hatch
(12) Mtext
(13) Dtext
(14) Text
(15) Move
(16) Copy
(17) Offset
(18) Mirror
(19) Array
(20) Rotate
 (21) Align
(22) Stretch
(23) Scale
(24) Lengthen
(25) Change
(26) Trim
(27) Extend
(28) Pline
(29) Break
(30) Area
(31) Linetype
(32) Color
(33) Layer
(34) Fillet
(35) Dim
(36) Ucs
(37) Wcs
(38) Explode
(39) Union
(40) Erase
(41) Dist
(42) Insert
(43) Isoplane
(44) Wblock 		(45) Zoom
(46)Box
(47) Cone
(48) Cylinder
(49) Edge
(50) Elev
(51) Extrude
(52) Fill
(53) Hide
(54) Id
(55) Isoplane
(56) Leader
(57) Limits
(58) Ltscale
(59) Measure
(60) Pan
(61) Pface
(62) Plan
(63) Qtext
(64) Quit
(65) Ray
(66) Redraw
(67) Regen
(68) Regenall
 (69) Regenauto
(70) Region
(71) Reinit
(72) Rename
(73) Render
(74) Renderunload
(75) Replay
(76) Resume
(77) Revolve
(78) Rev surf
(79) Rotate3D
(80) Section
(81) Shade
(82) Shape
(83) Shell
(84) Sketch
(85) Slice
(86) Snap
(87) Sphere
(88) Tolerance
(89) Torus
(90) Trace
(91)Wedge
Exercises

Chapter 8 : GRAPHICS OF DYNAMIC OBJECTS

8-1 Introduction
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 8-1
Program 8-2

Program 8-3
Program 8-4
Program 8-5
Program 8-6
Program 8-7
Program 8-8
Program 8-9
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 Rotating circle in 3 dimension
Rotating stick
Rotation of stick in a circle
Rotating fan and blade
Rotating ring using ellipse about a beam
Moving of bearing
Moving of spokes
Slider crank mechanism
Rotation of 3D box
Star scaling

Chapter 9 : ART DESIGNING AND DRAWINGS

9-1 Introduction
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 9-1
Program 9-2
Program 9-3
Program 9-4
Program 9-5
Program 9-6
Program 9-7
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 To draw a spiral rectangle
To draw a ring of circle
To draw rectangular block
To draw a kite
Programme textile design
Drawing of flag
Program on drawing of cartoon

Chapter 10 : FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

10-1
10-2		 Types of elements
Types of errors
(i)
(ii)
(iii)		 Mathematical modelling error
Discretization error
Round off errors
10-3 Derivation equation for various types of analysis
(a)
(b)
(c)		 Displacement analysis
Stress-strain matrix
Load-displacement analysis
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
 Element method
Finite element procedure
Displacement in beam element
Shape function in form of co-ordinates
Triangular element
Derivation of stiffness matrix
  Two dimensional stiffness matrix
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-12-1
10-12-2
10-12-3
10-12-4
10-13
10-14
10-14-1
10-14-2		 Stress-strain relation for 3D
Load matrix
Problem on step bar
Connectivity table
Global stiffness matrix
Global load matrix
Deflection matrix
Stress-deflection matrix
Solutions of global matrices
Elimination approach
Penalty approach
  Problems on penalty approach
10-15
10-16
10-17
10-18		 Effect of temperature on elements
Principle of minimum potential energy
Reyleigh-Ritz method
Galerkin’s method
  Principle of virtual work

10-19
10-20
10-21
10-22

 Eigen value problems
Finite element analysis of plane trusses
Direction cosines trusses
Mesh generation
(i)
(ii) 		Fully automatic process
Semi-automatic process
10-23
10-24		 Triangulation method
Finite element analysis packages
  Major features of the packages
(1)
(2)		 Element library
Analysis and range of applications
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)		 Linear static analysis
Non-linear static analysis
Dynamic analysis
Non-linear dynamic analysis
Harmonic response
Stability analysis
Heat transfer
Coupled fluid analysis
(3) Types of loading
10-25 Programs on finite elements
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 10-1 : Write a program to compute the value of the shape function for
a given beam element
Program 10-2 :
Write a program to calculate displacement at any point in the beam element having three degrees of freedom, if displacement at nodal points are supplied

Program 10-3

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Write a program to compute shape function if three sides of triangle and a point within the triangle are given

Program 10-4

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Write a program to compute shape function if three coordinates of triangle and a point within the triangle are given
Program 10-5
Program 10-6		 :
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Shear stress and strain relation for finite elements
Write a program to calculate stress at any point (x,y) in the beam element having three degrees of freedom, if displacement at nodal points are supplied
Program 10-7 : Write a program to generate global stiffness matrix and load matrix
for given figure

Chapter 11 : OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4		 Introduction
Requirement of object oriented programs
Benefits of object oriented programming
Construction of programs
(1)
(2)		 Objects
Class
11-5
11-6
11-7
11-8
11-9
11-10
11-10-1
11-10-2
11-10-3		 Construction of program
Software for object oriented programming
Programs in C++
Java programs
Bending moment
Design of shaft
Shaft subjected to twisting moment
Hollow shaft design
Shaft subjected to bending moment
  Variables used
Mathematical modelling

11-10-4
11-11
11-12

 Design of shaft of solid rectangular section
Graphic programs in Java
Programs on transformation in Java
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 11-1
Program 11-2
Program 11-3
Program 11-4
Program 11-5
Program 11-6
Program 11-7
Program 11-8
Program 11-9
Program 11-10
Program 11-11
Program 11-12
Program 11-13
Program 11-14
Program 11-15
Program 11-16
Program 11-17
Program 11-18
Program 11-19
Program 11-20
Program 11-21
Program 11-22
Program 11-23
Program 11-24
Program 11-25
Program 11-26
Program 11-27
Program 11-28
Program 11-29

Program 11-30
Program 11-31
Program 11-32

Program 11-33 Program 11-34
Program 11-35
Program 11-36		 :
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Program to draw circle
Program to draw the ellipse
Program to draw the arc
Program for scaling, translation and rotation a line about origin
Program for rotation of a triangle by 45° about the origin
Program for scaling of rectangle joining given diagonal co-ordinates
Program to fill a rectangle by reducing rectangle in size
Program to fill a circle by line drawing
Program to fill a circle by reducing the size of a circle
Program for drawing of an ellipse and to rotating it
Program for drawing filled circle inside rectangle
Program to draw a circle and to rotate it
Write a program to scale, to translate and to rotate a 3D box
Program to draw triangle
Program to draw a rectangle
Program to scaling, translation and to rotate a line about origin
Program to scale, to translate and to rotate triangle
Program for mirror image of a point
Program for mirror image of a line
Program for ‘X’ shear
Program for clipping
Program to fill border
Program to stretch a rectangle
Program for scaling and translation of a circle
Program for scaling an ellipse
Program to rotate a triangle
Program to calculate bending moment for particular loading condition
Program to calculate the diameter of the solid shaft subjected
to twisting moment
Program to design a hollow shaft subjected to twisting moment
Program to design a circular shaft subjected to bending moment
Program to calculate the dimensions of hollow rectangular section shaft subjected to bending load conditions
Program to prepare variety of graphic elements using graphic functions
Program to draw rectangle using array
Program for rotation of a line
Program for scaling of a triangle

Chapter 12 : NUMERICAL METHODS

12-1
12-2
12-2-1
12-2-2
12-2-3
12-2-4
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-10
12-11
12-12
12-13 		Introduction
Statistical analysis
Mean value
Frequency table
Mean deviation
Standard deviation
Determinant of a matrix
Matrix inversion
Eigen value and Eigen vectors
Simpson’s integration
Newton Raphason method
Fourth order Runge-Kutta method
Trial and error method
Curve fitting technique
Finite differences
Inverse of matrix
Gauss elimination method
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 12-1
Program 12-2

Program 12-3
Program 12-4
Program 12-5
Program 12-6
Program 12-7
Program 12-8
Program 12-9

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 Program to calculate mean, mean deviation, standard deviation
Write a program to find area under the curve using
Simpson integration method
Newton Raphson method
Runge-Kutta method
Trial and error method
To fit a curve on line
A program to find the finite differences for given X and Y points
Write a program to calculate inverse matrix
Write a program to solve simultaneous equation using
gausses elimination method

Chapter 13 : MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

13-1
13-2		 Introduction
Components of MIS system
(1)
(2)
(3) 		 Hardware
Software
Data library
13-3
13-4
13-5 		Relational data-base management system
Data-base
Types of data-bases
(1)
(2)
(3) 		 Object oriented data-base
Hierarchical data-base
Network data-bases
13-6
13-7
13-8
13-9
13-10
 Information
Management information system
Functions of MIS system
System analysis
Analysis of information
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)		 Layout plan
Flow chart
Line graph
Bar chart
Pie chart
Area chart
Polar chart
Bubble chart
Gantt chart
Histogram
Hilogram
Pictogram
13-11
 Software technology
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 13-1
Program 13-2
Program 13-3
Program 13-4
Program 13-5
Program 13-6
Program 13-7

Program 13-8
Program 13-9

Program 13-10

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 Program to write salary bill of a company
Program to prepare rolllist
Project using polymorphism concept
Hotel bill using polymorphism
Object oriented programming library information using inheritance
Grade of students for sports
A sociologist conducts a survey among college students and
collects the following data
Program on bar chart
Graphical program to demonstrate the information of fluctuations in the share prices everyday
Object oriented program of telephone directory

Chapter 14 : PROJECTS

Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
Project 4
Project 5
Project 6
Project 7
Project 8
Project 9
Project 10
Project 11
Project 12
Project 13
Exercises

PROGRAMS

Program 14-1
Program 14-2
Program 14-3
Program 14-4
Program 14-5

Program 14-6
Program 14-7
Program 14-8
Program 14-9
Program 14-10
Program 14-11

Program 14-12
Program 14-13

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Jig design software
Assembly of component
CVT design and analysis
Artistic designing -flying stars
APT language
Program on ‘APT’ language (point, line, circle, ellipse)
CNC program of plate with four holes
CNC program
Mouse operation
Civil engineering road construction software
Drawing software
Advertising software
Program on advertising
Kirana shop bill
Program to design of gear

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
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: 		C-Graphics Key-Words
Glossary