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The book discusses the thermodynamic processes like isothermal, isentropic and polytropic processes. The new concept of availability and irreversibility has been included in the book.

* Gas laws and properties
* Thermodynamic process
* Availability of air standard cycles
* Properties of steam and steam cycles
* Flow processes
* Fuels and combustion
* Short questions for viva voce
* Steam tables with mollier diagram — enthalpy-entropy charts, etc.

The book contains:

* 141 * 426 * 219 * 115 *   40

Solved numerical examples Exercises for practice Objective questions Self-explanatory and neatly drawn sketches Useful tables.

Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION

Chapter 2 : GAS LAWS AND PROPERTIES

Chapter 3 : THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES

Chapter 4 : AVAILABILITY

Chapter 5 : AIR STANDARD CYCLES

Chapter 6 : PROPERTIES OF STEAM AND STEAM CYCLE

Chapter 7 : FLOW PROCESSES

Chapter 8 : FUELS AND COMBUSTION

APPENDICIES

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Chapter 1 : INTRODUCTION

1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5	Heat engines Engineering thermodynamics Working fluids and thermodynamic system Thermodynamic state and thermodynamic process System of units
	(i) (ii)	SI system Metric system
1-6 1-7 1-8 1-9 1-10 1-11 1-12 1-12-1 1-12-2 1-13 1-14 1-15 1-15-1 1-15-2 1-15-3 1-15-4 1-16 1-17 1-18 1-19 1-20 1-21	Units of length, area and volume Specific volume Units of mass Units of force Units of work and power Units of energy Measurements of properties of fluid Pressure Exercises 1-1 Temperature Zeroth law of thermodynamics Temperature measurement Pyrometers Thermo-electric pyrometer Radiation pyrometer Optical pyrometer Pyrometric cone or seger cone pyrometer Absolute temperature scale and absolute zero Exercises 1-2 NTP and STP conditions Volume Work Heat Exercises 1-3 Properties of substances Objective questions Exercises 1-4 Top>>

Chapter 2 : GAS LAWS AND PROPERTIES

2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-18-1 2-18-2 2-19 2-20 2-21 2-22 2-23

Perfect gas Vapour Boyle’s law Exercises 2-1 Charles’ law Exercises 2-2 Combination of laws of Boyle and Charles Vander Waal's equation Units of R Universal gas constant Avogadro’s law Exercises 2-3 Accountability of energy Joule’s law of internal energy Enthalpy Entropy Intensive and extensive properties Thermodynamic system Conservation of energy First law of thermodynamics Exercises 2-4 Concepts of the second law of thermodynamics Kelvin-Plank statement Clausius statement Exercises 2-5 Specific heats of a gas Ratio of specific heats Relation between the two specific heats of a gas and the specific gas constant General equation for entropy changes for ideal gases Properties of gas mixtures Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 2-6 Top>>

Chapter 3 : THERMODYNAMIC PROCESSES

3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-13-1 3-13-2 3-13-3 3-14 3-15 3-16

Expansion and compression of gases Point and path functions Process Constant volume process Constant pressure process Exercises 3-1 Isothermal process Exercises 3-2 Isentropic process Exercises 3-3 Polytropic process Determination of the index of expansion or compression Comparison of work done by a gas during expansion for various processes Mean effective pressure Summary of equations for gas processes Exercises 3-4 Other important processes Hyperbolic expansion Free expansion Throttling Gas tables Approximation for heat absorbed Exercises 3-5 Typical examples Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 3-6 Top>>

Chapter 4 : AVAILABILITY

4-1 4-2	Reversibility Available energy and availability
	(i) (ii)	Heat withdrawn from an infinite reservoir Heat withdrawn from a finite reservoir
4-2-1 4-2-2 4-2-3 4-3 4-4 4-5	Decrease in available energy Availability of a finite system Availability in a closed system Effectiveness Irreversibility Available energy and physical concept of entropy Exercises 4-1 Top>>

Chapter 5 : AIR STANDARD CYCLES

5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-17 5-18

Introduction Heat machine Useful work Efficiency of cycle Air standard efficiency of cycle Assumptions in the thermodynamic cycles Thermodynamic cycles Carnot cycle Exercises 5-1 Otto cycle Mean effective pressure Exercises 5-2 Diesel cycle Dual combustion cycle Exercises 5-3 Stirling cycle Exercises 5-4 Ericsson cycle Exercises 5-5 Brayton cycle Exercises 5-6 Comparison of ideal cycles Reversed Brayton cycle (Bell Coleman cycle) Coefficient of performance (COP) Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 5-7 Top>>

Chapter 6 : PROPERTIES OF STEAM AND STEAM CYCLE

6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6	Properties of steam Conservation of form Phase diagram Effect of pressure on the boiling point of water Temperature-pressure curve for steam Generation of one kg of steam at a given pressure from water initially at 0°C
	(1) (2) (3)	Introducing stage Warming stage Evaporating stage
6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 6-14 6-15 6-16 6-17 6-18 6-19 6-20 6-21	Exercises 6-1 Conditions of steam Saturated steam Dry saturated steam and wet steam Superheated steam Supersaturated steam Properties of steam Dryness fraction of saturated steam Use of steam tables Sensible heat Latent heat of vaporization Enthalpy of wet steam Enthalpy of superheated steam Specific volume of steam Internal energy of steam Exercises 6-2 Entropy of vapours
	(1) (2) (3)	Entropy of water Entropy of evaporation Entropy of superheated steam
6-22 6-23 6-24 6-25	Exercises 6-3 Temperature–entropy diagram Heat entropy chart (mollier chart) Pressure-enthalpy chart Heating and expansion of vapours
	(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)	Constant volume process Constant pressure process Constant temperature (Isothermal) process Hyperbolic (PV = constant) process Polytropic process Reversible adiabatic or Isentropic process Throttling process
6-26 6-27 6-28 6-29 6-30 6-31 6-32 6-33 6-34 6-35 6-36	Methods of determination of dryness fraction of steam Bucket calorimeter Exercises 6-4 Separating calorimeter Exercise 6-5 Throttling calorimeter Exercises 6-6 Combined separating and throttling calorimeter Exercises 6-7 Steam cycle Carnot cycle Rankine cycle Comparison of Rankine and Carnot cycles on temperature-entropy diagram Work done during Rankine cycle on pressure-volume diagram Modified Rankine cycle Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 6-8 Top>>

Chapter 7 : FLOW PROCESSES

7-1 7-2	Flow Processes Steady flow energy equation
	(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)	Internal energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Flow work Work Heat
7-3 7-4 7-5	Control volume and flow work Flow work of steady flow system Applications of steady-flow energy equation
	(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)	Steam turbines Boilers Heat exchangers Nozzles Throttle valves Reciprocating compressor Gas turbine Water turbine Centrifugal compressor Centrifugal water pump
	Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 7-1 Top>>

Chapter 8 : FUELS AND COMBUSTION

8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-8 8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14 8-14-1 8-14-2 8-14-3 8-14-4 8-15 8-16 8-17 8-18 8-19 8-20	Classification of fuels Solid fuels Liquid fuels Hydrocarbons Gaseous fuels Calorific value of fuels Theoretical determination of calorific value of fuel Exercise 8-1 Calorific value of gaseous fuels Experimental determination of calorific value of a fuel Bomb calorimeter Exercises 8-2 Calorific value of liquid fuels Calorific value of gaseous fuels Junker’s gas calorimeter Exercises 8-3 Combustion of a fuel Combustion of carbon Combustion of carbon monoxide Combustion of hydrogen Combustion of sulphur Stoichiometric air–fuel ratio Excess air Exercises 8-4 Determination of the flue gas analysis by mass and by volume Exercises 8-5 Determination of air supplied from volumetric analysis of flue gases Determination of air leakage in boiler flues Determination of the quantity of air supplied per kg of fuel from the analysis of flue gases when given by mass Exercises 8-6
8-21 8-21-1 8-21-2 8-21-3 8-21-4 8-22 8-23	Chemically correct air fuel ratio Combustion of hydrogen Combustion of carbon monoxide Combustion of marsh gas Excess air coefficient Exercises 8-7 Determination of flue gas analysis by volume and by mass in case of gaseous fuel Exercises 8-8 Determination of quantity of air supplied per m3 of gas from dry flue gas analysis in case of gaseous fuels Exercises 8-9
8-24 8-25 8-25-1 8-25-2	Calculation of heat losses Exhaust gas analysis Conventional method Modern methods
	(1) (2) (3) (4)	Gas chromatography Non-destructive infra red analyzer Flame ionization detector Measurement of smoke
8-26	Determination of air-fuel ratio with the help of dry flue gas analysis Objective questions Answers to objective questions Exercises 8-10 Top>>

APPENDICIES

APPENDIX A APPENDIX B	Short Questions for Viva-voce Steam Table
	Table B-I  : PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM AND                     SATURATED WATER (TEMPERATURE BASE) Table B-II : PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM AND                      SATURATED WATER (PRESSURE BASE)
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